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9.2: प्राधिकरण
https://query.libretexts.org/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%3A_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82_-_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8)_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1/09%3A_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82_(%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)/9.02%3A_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3
लेखक किसी विषय पर मान्यता प्राप्त विशेषज्ञों के विचारों का उल्लेख करके विश्वसनीयता का निर्माण कर सकते हैं।
9.2: 权威
https://query.libretexts.org/%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%BF%90%E4%BD%9C%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%EF%BC%88Mills%EF%BC%89/09%3A_%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%88%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%EF%BC%89/9.02%3A_%E6%9D%83%E5%A8%81
作者可以通过参考知名专家对某个主题的想法来建立信誉。
9.1: Um argumento implica um relacionamento
https://query.libretexts.org/Idioma_Portugues/Livro%3A_Como_funcionam_os_argumentos_-_um_guia_para_escrever_e_analisar_textos_na_faculdade_(Mills)/09%3A_Como_os_argumentos_estabelecem_confian%C3%A7a_e_conex%C3%A3o_(Ethos)/9.01%3A_Um_argumento_implica_um_relacionamento
Qualquer argumento implica uma relação imaginária entre leitor e escritor. Um escritor pode criar confiança nesse relacionamento para incentivar o leitor a creditar o argumento.
9.2: السلطة
https://query.libretexts.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%3A____-_______()/09%3A_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_(Ethos)/9.02%3A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9
يمكن للكتاب بناء المصداقية من خلال الرجوع إلى أفكار الخبراء المعترف بهم حول موضوع ما.
9.1 : Un argument implique une relation
https://query.libretexts.org/Francais/Livre_%3A_Comment_fonctionnent_les_arguments_-_Un_guide_pour_la_r%C3%A9daction_et_l'analyse_de_textes_au_coll%C3%A8ge_(Mills)/09%3A_Comment_les_arguments_%C3%A9tablissent_la_confiance_et_la_connexion_(Ethos)/9.01%3A_Un_argument_implique_une_relation
Tout argument implique une relation imaginaire entre le lecteur et l'écrivain. Un rédacteur peut établir la confiance dans cette relation afin d'encourager le lecteur à créditer l'argument.
9.1: الحجة تعني وجود علاقة
https://query.libretexts.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%3A____-_______()/09%3A_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_(Ethos)/9.01%3A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9
أي حجة تنطوي على علاقة متخيلة بين القارئ والكاتب. يمكن للكاتب بناء الثقة في تلك العلاقة لتشجيع القارئ على اعتماد الحجة.
9.1: Hoja Inamaanisha Uhusiano
https://query.libretexts.org/Kiswahili/Kitabu%3A_Jinsi_Hoja_Kazi_-_Mwongozo_wa_Kuandika_na_Kuchambua_Maandiko_katika_Chuo_(Mills)/09%3A_Jinsi_Hoja_Kuanzisha_Trust_na_Connection_(Ethos)/9.01%3A_Hoja_Inamaanisha_Uhusiano
Hoja yoyote ina maana uhusiano wa kufikiri kati ya msomaji na mwandishi. Mwandishi anaweza kujenga imani katika uhusiano huo ili kumtia moyo msomaji kutoa hoja.
9.1：争论意味着一种关系
https://query.libretexts.org/%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%BF%90%E4%BD%9C%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%EF%BC%88Mills%EF%BC%89/09%3A_%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%88%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%EF%BC%89/9.01%3A_9.1%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E7%9D%80%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB
任何论点都暗示着读者与作家之间想象中的关系。写作可以建立对这种关系的信任，鼓励读者相信这个论点。
9.1: एक तर्क एक संबंध को दर्शाता है
https://query.libretexts.org/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%3A_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82_-_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8)_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1/09%3A_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82_(%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)/9.01%3A_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88
किसी भी तर्क का अर्थ है पाठक और लेखक के बीच एक काल्पनिक संबंध। एक लेख उस संबंध में विश्वास पैदा कर सकता है ताकि पाठक को तर्क देने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जा सके।
9.2: Mamlaka
https://query.libretexts.org/Kiswahili/Kitabu%3A_Jinsi_Hoja_Kazi_-_Mwongozo_wa_Kuandika_na_Kuchambua_Maandiko_katika_Chuo_(Mills)/09%3A_Jinsi_Hoja_Kuanzisha_Trust_na_Connection_(Ethos)/9.02%3A_Mamlaka
Waandishi wanaweza kujenga uaminifu kwa kutaja mawazo ya wataalam waliotambuliwa juu ya mada.
9.2 : Autorité
https://query.libretexts.org/Francais/Livre_%3A_Comment_fonctionnent_les_arguments_-_Un_guide_pour_la_r%C3%A9daction_et_l'analyse_de_textes_au_coll%C3%A8ge_(Mills)/09%3A_Comment_les_arguments_%C3%A9tablissent_la_confiance_et_la_connexion_(Ethos)/9.02%3A_Autorit%C3%A9
Les rédacteurs peuvent renforcer leur crédibilité en se référant aux idées d'experts reconnus sur un sujet.