7.6: Masharti muhimu
- Page ID
- 175046
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Maarifa ya posteriori
- maarifa yaliyopatikana kwa njia ya uzoefu.
- Maarifa ya priori
- maarifa ambayo yanaweza kupatikana kabla au huru ya uzoefu.
- Ushirikiano
- nadharia kwamba imani ni haki kama ni sehemu ya mfumo thabiti wa imani zinazohusiana.
- Muktadha
- mtazamo kwamba ukweli wa sifa za maarifa hutegemea mazingira.
- Udhulumu wa Epistemic
- udhalimu unaotokana na au unahusiana na masuala ya kiepistemolojia.
- Epistemic rika
- mtu aliye katika nafasi sawa ya epistemic kama wewe jamaa na uwanja fulani.
- Epistemolojia
- uwanja ndani ya falsafa ambayo inalenga katika maswali yanayohusu asili na kiwango cha maarifa ya binadamu.
- Nje
- nadharia yoyote ya epistemological ambayo haitumii tu hali ya akili ya masomo ili kuamua haki.
- Msingi
- imani kwamba ukweli wote ni dhahiri au unaotokana na ukweli fulani ambao ni dhahiri.
- Kesi ya Gettier
- kesi, kwa kawaida iliyotolewa kama mazingira ya nadharia, ambayo hufanya kama mfano wa kukabiliana na akaunti ya jadi ya ujuzi kama imani ya kweli ya haki.
- Mtikisiko wa Kimataifa
- mtu ambaye anakataa uwezekano wa elimu kwa ujumla.
- Hermeneutical udhalimu
- aina ya udhalimu wa kiepistemi ambayo hutokea wakati lugha na dhana za jamii haziwezi kukamata uzoefu wa watu kwa kutosha, na hivyo kupunguza uelewa wa uzoefu wao.
- Uaminifu wa kihistoria
- nadharia ya epistemological ambayo inapendekeza kwamba michakato ambayo kwa uaminifu huzalisha imani za kweli hutoa haki juu ya imani hizo.
- Ujumbe wa ndani
- nadharia yoyote ya epistemological ambayo inalenga tu juu ya majimbo ya akili ya masomo ili kuamua haki.
- Maarifa kwa marafiki
- maarifa yaliyopatikana kutokana na kuwasiliana moja kwa moja na kitu na si mediated na inference.
- Mitaa wasiwasi
- mtu ambaye swali uwezekano wa elimu tu katika maeneo fulani ya utafiti.
- Maarifa ya kiutaratibu
- ujuzi wa jinsi ya kukamilisha kazi kwa ufanisi.
- Maarifa ya pendekezo
- maarifa ya ukweli kwamba unaweza kuwa walionyesha kama kauli.
- Kushangaa
- mtazamo kwamba baadhi au maarifa yote haiwezekani.
- Maazimio epistemolojia
- kujifunza uhusiano kati ya hali ya kijamii ya mtu binafsi na nafasi yao ya epistemic.
- Taarifa
- Sentensi ya kutangaza ambayo ina thamani ya kweli, maana yake ni lazima iwe ya kweli au ya uongo.
- Ushuhuda udhalimu
- aina ya udhalimu wa kiepistemi ambayo hutokea wakati maoni ya watu binafsi au makundi yanapuuzwa kwa haki au kutibiwa kama wasioaminika.