3.1E: Mazoezi ya Sehemu ya 3.1
- Page ID
- 178917
Kwa mazoezi ya 1 - 10, tumia equation\( m_{\text{sec}}=\dfrac{f(x)−f(a)}{x−a} \) ili kupata mteremko wa mstari wa salama kati ya maadili\(x_1\) na\(x_2\) kwa kila kazi\(y=f(x)\).
1)\(f(x)=4x+7; \quad x_1=2, \quad x_2=5\)
- Jibu
- \(m_{\text{sec}}=4\)
2)\(f(x)=8x−3;\quad x_1=−1,\quad x_2=3\)
3)\(f(x)=x^2+2x+1;\quad x_1=3,\quad x_2=3.5\)
- Jibu
- \(m_{\text{sec}}=8.5\)
4)\(f(x)=−x^2+x+2;\quad x_1=0.5,\quad x_2=1.5\)
5)\(f(x)=\dfrac{4}{3x−1};\quad x_1=1,\quad x_2=3\)
- Jibu
- \(m_{\text{sec}}=−\frac{3}{4}\)
6)\(f(x)=\dfrac{x−7}{2x+1};\quad x_1=−2,\quad x_2=0\)
7)\(f(x)=\sqrt{x};\quad x_1=1,\quad x_2=16\)
- Jibu
- \(m_{\text{sec}}=0.2\)
8)\(f(x)=\sqrt{x−9};\quad x_1=10,\quad x_2=13\)
9)\(f(x)=x^{1/3}+1;\quad x_1=0,\quad x_2=8\)
- Jibu
- \(m_{\text{sec}}=0.25\)
10)\(f(x)=6x^{2/3}+2x^{1/3};\quad x_1=1,\quad x_2=27\)
Kwa kazi katika mazoezi 11 - 20,
a. tumia equation\( \displaystyle m_{\text{tan}}=\lim_{h→0}\frac{f(a+h)−f(a)}{h} \) ili kupata mteremko wa mstari wa tangent\(m_{\text{tan}}=f′(a)\), na
b. kupata equation ya mstari tangent kwa\(f\) saa\(x=a\).
11)\(f(x)=3−4x, \quad a=2\)
- Jibu
- a.\(m_{\text{tan}}=−4\)
b.\(y=−4x+3\)
12)\(f(x)=\dfrac{x}{5}+6, \quad a=−1\)
13)\(f(x)=x^2+x, \quad a=1\)
- Jibu
- a.\(m_{\text{tan}}=3\)
b.\(y=3x−1\)
14)\(f(x)=1−x−x^2, \quad a=0\)
15)\(f(x)=\dfrac{7}{x}, \quad a=3\)
- Jibu
- a.\(m_{\text{tan}}=\frac{−7}{9}\)
b.\(y=\frac{−7}{9}x+\frac{14}{3}\)
16)\(f(x)=\sqrt{x+8}, \quad a=1\)
17)\(f(x)=2−3x^2, \quad a=−2\)
- Jibu
- a.\(m_{\text{tan}}=12\)
b.\(y=12x+14\)
18)\(f(x)=\dfrac{−3}{x−1}, \quad a=4\)
19)\(f(x)=\dfrac{2}{x+3}, \quad a=−4\)
- Jibu
- a.\(m_{\text{tan}}=−2\)
b.\(y=−2x−10\)
20)\(f(x)=\dfrac{3}{x^2}, \quad a=3\)
Kwa kazi\(y=f(x)\) katika mazoezi 21 - 30, tafuta\(f′(a)\) kutumia equation\( \displaystyle f′(a)=\lim_{x→a}\frac{f(x)−f(a)}{x−a} \).
21)\(f(x)=5x+4, \quad a=−1\)
- Jibu
- \(f'(-1) = 5\)
22)\(f(x)=−7x+1, \quad a=3\)
23)\(f(x)=x^2+9x, \quad a=2\)
- Jibu
- \(f'(2) = 13\)
24)\(f(x)=3x^2−x+2, \quad a=1\)
25)\(f(x)=\sqrt{x}, \quad a=4\)
- Jibu
- \(f'(4) = \frac{1}{4}\)
26)\(f(x)=\sqrt{x−2}, \quad a=6\)
27)\(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x}, \quad a=2\)
- Jibu
- \(f'(2) = −\frac{1}{4}\)
28)\(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x−3}, \quad a=−1\)
29)\(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x^3}, \quad a=1\)
- Jibu
- \(f'(1) = -3\)
30)\(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}, \quad a=4\)
Kwa mazoezi yafuatayo, kutokana na kazi\(y=f(x)\),
a. kupata mteremko wa mstari wa salama\(PQ\) kwa kila hatua\(Q(x,f(x))\) na\(x\) thamani iliyotolewa katika meza.
b Tumia majibu kutoka a. kukadiria thamani ya mteremko wa mstari wa tangent saa\(P\).
c Tumia jibu kutoka b. ili kupata equation ya mstari wa tangent hadi\(f\) wakati\(P\).
31) [T]\(f(x)=x^2+3x+4, \quad P(1,8)\) (Pande zote hadi maeneo ya\(6\) decimal.)
\(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) | \(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) |
1.1 | (i) | 0.9 | (vii) |
1.01 | (ii) | 0.99 | (viii) |
1.001 | (iii) | 0.999 | (ix) |
1.0001 | (iv) | 0.9999 | (x) |
1.00001 | (v) | 0.99999 | (xi) |
1.000001 | (vi) | 0.999999 | (XII) |
- Jibu
- \(a. (i)5.100000, (ii)5.010000, (iii)5.001000, (iv)5.000100, (v)5.000010, (vi)5.000001, (vii)4.900000, (viii)4.990000, (ix)4.999000, (x)4.999900, (xi)4.999990, (x)4.999999\)
b.\(m_{\text{tan}}=5\)
c.\(y=5x+3\)
32) [T]\(f(x)=\dfrac{x+1}{x^2−1}, \quad P(0,−1)\)
\(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) | \(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) |
0.1 | (i) | -0.1 | (vii) |
0.01 | (ii) | -0.01 | (viii) |
0.001 | (iii) | -0.001 | (ix) |
0.0001 | (iv) | -0.0001 | (x) |
0.00001 | (v) | -0.00001 | (xi) |
0.000001 | (vi) | -0.000001 | (XII) |
33) [T]\(f(x)=10e^{0.5x}, \quad P(0,10)\) (Pande zote hadi maeneo ya\(4\) decimal.)
\(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) |
-0.1 | (i) |
-0.01 | (ii) |
-0.001 | (iii) |
-0.0001 | (iv) |
-0.00001 | (v) |
-0.000001 | (vi) |
- Jibu
- a.\((i)4.8771, \;(ii)4.9875, \;(iii)4.9988, \;(iv)4.9999, \;(v)4.9999, \;(vi)4.9999 \)
b.\(m_{\text{tan}}=5\)
c.\(y=5x+10\)
34) [T]\(f(x)=\tan(x), \quad P(π,0)\)
\(x\) | \(Slope m_{PQ}\) |
3.1 | (i) |
3.14 | (ii) |
3.141 | (iii) |
3.1415 | (iv) |
3.14159 | (v) |
3.141592 | (vi) |
[T] Kwa kazi zifuatazo nafasi\(y=s(t)\), kitu ni kusonga pamoja mstari wa moja kwa moja, ambapo\(t\) ni katika sekunde na\(s\) ni katika mita. Kupata
a. kujieleza rahisi kwa kasi ya wastani kutoka\(t=2\) kwa\(t=2+h\);
b. kasi ya wastani kati\(t=2\) na\(t=2+h\), wapi\((i)\;h=0.1, \;(ii)\;h=0.01, \;(iii)\;h=0.001\), na\((iv)\;h=0.0001\); na
c. tumia jibu kutoka kwa. kukadiria kasi ya papo hapo kwa\(t=2\) pili.
35)\(s(t)=\frac{1}{3}t+5\)
- Jibu
- a.\(\frac{1}{3}\);
b.\((i)\;\frac{1}{3}\) m/s,\((ii)\;\frac{1}{3}\) m/s,\((iii)\;\frac{1}{3}\)\((iv)\;\frac{1}{3}\) m/s;
c.\(\frac{1}{3}\) m/s
36)\(s(t)=t^2−2t\)
37)\(s(t)=2t^3+3\)
- Jibu
- a.\(2(h^2+6h+12)\);
b.\((i)\;25.22\) m/s,\((ii)\; 24.12\) m/s,\((iii)\; 24.01\)\((iv)\; 24\) m/s;
c.\(24\) m/s
38)\(s(t)=\dfrac{16}{t^2}−\dfrac{4}{t}\)
39) Tumia grafu ifuatayo ili kutathmini.\(f′(1)\) na b.\(f′(6).\)
- Jibu
- a.\(1.25\); b.\(0.5\)
40) Tumia grafu ifuatayo ili kutathmini.\(f′(−3)\) na b\(f′(1.5)\).
Kwa mazoezi yafuatayo, tumia ufafanuzi wa kikomo wa derivative ili kuonyesha kwamba derivative haipo\(x=a\) kwa kila kazi zilizopewa.
41)\(f(x)=x^{1/3}, \quad x=0\)
- Jibu
- \(\displaystyle \lim_{x→0^−}\frac{x^{1/3}−0}{x−0}=\lim_{x→0^−}\frac{1}{x^{2/3}}=∞\)
42)\(f(x)=x^{2/3}, \quad x=0\)
43)\(f(x)=\begin{cases}1, & \text{if } x<1\\x, & \text{if } x≥1\end{cases}, \quad x=1\)
- Jibu
- \(\displaystyle \lim_{x→1^−}\frac{1−1}{x−1}=0≠1=\lim_{x→1^+}\frac{x−1}{x−1}\)
44)\(f(x)=\dfrac{|x|}{x}, \quad x=0\)
45) [T] nafasi katika miguu ya gari mbio pamoja kufuatilia moja kwa moja baada ya\(t\) sekunde ni inatokana na kazi\(s(t)=8t^2−\frac{1}{16}t^3.\)
Pata kasi ya wastani ya gari juu ya vipindi vya muda vifuatavyo hadi sehemu nne za decimal:
i. [\(4, 4.1\)]
ii. [\(4, 4.01\)]
iii. [\(4, 4.001\)]
iv. [\(4, 4.0001\)]
b Tumia a. kuteka hitimisho kuhusu kasi ya instantaneous ya gari kwa\(t=4\) sekunde.
- Jibu
- a.\((i)61.7244 ft/s, \;(ii)61.0725 ft/s, \;(iii)61.0072 ft/s, \;(iv)61.0007 ft/s\)
b Kwa\(4\) sekunde gari la mbio linasafiri kwa kiwango/kasi ya\(61\) ft/s.
46) [T] umbali katika miguu kwamba mpira Rolls chini elekea ni inatokana na kazi\(s(t)=14t^2\),
ambapo t ni sekunde baada ya mpira kuanza rolling.
a. Kupata kasi ya wastani wa mpira juu ya vipindi zifuatazo wakati:
i. [5, 5.1]
ii. [5, 5.01]
iii. [5, 5.001]
iv. [5, 5.0001]
b Matumizi majibu kutoka a. kuteka hitimisho kuhusu kasi instantaneous ya mpira katika\(t=5\) sekunde.
47) Magari mawili huanza kusafiri kwa upande kando ya barabara moja kwa moja. Kazi zao za msimamo, zilizoonyeshwa kwenye grafu ifuatayo, zinatolewa\(s=f(t)\) na na\(s=g(t)\), ambapo s hupimwa kwa miguu na t hupimwa kwa sekunde.
a Ni gari gani ambalo limesafiri mbali zaidi kwa\(t=2\) sekunde?
b Ni kasi ya takriban ya kila gari kwa\(t=3\) sekunde?
c Ni gari gani linasafiri kwa kasi kwa\(t=4\) sekunde?
Je, ni kweli kuhusu nafasi za magari kwa\(t=4\) sekunde?
- Jibu
- a. gari inawakilishwa na\(f(t)\), kwa sababu ina alisafiri\(2\) miguu, ambapo\(g(t)\) ina alisafiri\(1\) mguu.
b. kasi ya\(f(t)\) ni mara kwa mara katika\(1\) ft/s, wakati kasi ya\(g(t)\) ni takriban\(2\) ft/s.
c. gari inawakilishwa na\(g(t)\), na kasi ya takriban\(4\) ft/s.
d. wote wamesafiri \(4\)miguu katika\(4\) sekunde.
48) [T] Gharama ya jumla\(C(x)\), kwa mamia ya dola, kuzalisha\(x\) mitungi ya mayonnaise hutolewa na\(C(x)=0.000003x^3+4x+300\).
a Tumia gharama ya wastani kwa kila jar juu ya vipindi vifuatavyo:
i. [100, 100.1]
ii. [100, 100.01]
iii. [100, 100.001]
iv. [100, 100.0001]
b Tumia majibu kutoka kwa. kukadiria gharama ya wastani ya kuzalisha\(100\) mitungi ya mayonnaise.
49) [T] Kwa kazi\(f(x)=x^3−2x^2−11x+12\), fanya zifuatazo.
a Tumia calculator ya graph kwa grafu\(f\) katika dirisha sahihi la kutazama.
b Matumizi ZOOM kipengele kwenye calculator kwa takriban maadili mawili ya\(x=a\) ambayo\(m_{tan}=f′(a)=0\).
- Jibu
-
a.
b.\(a≈−1.361,\;2.694\)
50) [T] Kwa kazi\(f(x)=\dfrac{x}{1+x^2}\), fanya zifuatazo.
a Tumia calculator ya graph kwa grafu\(f\) katika dirisha sahihi la kutazama.
b Tumia kipengele cha ZOOM kwenye calculator ili takriban maadili\(x=a\) ya ambayo\(m_{\text{tan}}=f′(a)=0\).
51) Tuseme kwamba\(N(x)\) computes idadi ya galoni ya gesi kutumiwa na gari kusafiri\(x\) maili. Tuseme gari anapata\(30\) mpg.
a Kupata kujieleza hisabati kwa\(N(x)\).
b. ni nini\(N(100)\)? Eleza maana ya kimwili.
c. ni nini\(N′(100)\)? Eleza maana ya kimwili.
- Jibu
- a.\(N(x)=\dfrac{x}{30}\)
b.\(3.3\) Galoni. Wakati gari linasafiri\(100\) maili, limetumia\(3.3\) galoni za gesi.
c\(\frac{1}{30}\). Kiwango cha matumizi ya gesi katika galoni kwa maili ambayo gari linafikia baada ya kusafiri\(100\) maili.
52) [T] Kwa kazi\(f(x)=x^4−5x^2+4\), fanya zifuatazo.
a Tumia calculator ya graph kwa grafu\(f\) katika dirisha sahihi la kutazama.
b Matumizi ya\(nDeriv\) kazi, ambayo numerically hupata derivative, juu ya graphing calculator kukadiria\(f′(−2),\;f′(−0.5),\;f′(1.7)\), na\(f′(2.718)\).
53) [T] Kwa kazi\(f(x)=\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+1}\), fanya zifuatazo.
a Tumia calculator ya graph kwa grafu\(f\) katika dirisha sahihi la kutazama.
Kutumia\(nDeriv\) kazi kwenye calculator graphing kupata\(f′(−4),\;f′(−2),\;f′(2)\), na\(f′(4)\).
- Jibu
-
a.
b.\(−0.028,−0.16,0.16,0.028\)