5.4: 零指数规则
- Page ID
- 171053
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)在第 5.3 节中,分子中数字的指数始终大于分母中数字的指数。
在第 5.4 节中,分子中数字的指数将等于分母中数字的指数。
对于任何实数\(a\),零指数规则如下
\(a^0= 1\)
想法:
来自前面的章节:
\[x^5 = x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \nonumber \]
和
\[\dfrac{x^5 }{x^5} =\dfrac{ x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x }{x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x }= \dfrac{\cancel{x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x }}{\cancel{x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x \cdot x }}= 1 \nonumber \]
因此,
\[\dfrac{x ^5 }{x^5} = x^{5−5 }= x^0=1 \nonumber \]
使用零指数规则来简化表达式。
- \(\dfrac{x^9 }{x^9}\)
- \(\dfrac{d^5 }{d^2 \cdot d^3}\)
- \(\dfrac{5(xy)^3 }{(xy)^3}\)
- \(-\dfrac{y^3 }{\sqrt{5}y^3}\)
- \(\dfrac{(ab^2 )^7 }{(ab^2)^2 \cdot (ab^2)^4 ˙(ab^2)}\)
解决方案
| 表情 | 零指数规则 |
|---|---|
| \(\dfrac{x^9 }{x^9}\) | \(x^{9−9} = x^0 = 1\) |
| \(\dfrac{d^5 }{d^2 \cdot d^3}\) | \(\dfrac{d^5 }{d^{2+3 }}= \dfrac{d^5 }{d^5} = d^{5−5 }= d^{0} = 1\) |
| \(\dfrac{5(xy)^3 }{(xy)^3}\) |
\(5 \cdot \dfrac{(xy)^3 }{(xy)^3 }= 5 \cdot (xy)^{3−3 }= 5 \cdot (xy)^0 = 5 \cdot 1 = 5 \) 可以分解常数 5,以便清楚地看到共同的基础。 |
| \(-\dfrac{y^3 }{\sqrt{5}y^3}\) |
\(− \dfrac{1}{ \sqrt{5}} \cdot \dfrac{y^3 }{y^3 }= − \dfrac{1}{ \sqrt{5}} \cdot y ^{3−3 }= − \dfrac{1}{ \sqrt{5}} \cdot y^0 = − \dfrac{1}{ \sqrt{5}} \cdot 1 = − \dfrac{1}{ \sqrt{5}}\) 可以将常量分解出来\(−\left( \dfrac{1 }{\sqrt{5}}\right )\),以便清楚地看到共同的基础。 |
| \(\dfrac{(ab^2 )^7 }{(ab^2)^2 \cdot (ab^2)^4 ˙(ab^2)}\) |
\(\dfrac{(ab^2 )^7 }{(ab^2)^{2+4+1}}= \dfrac{(ab^2 )^7}{ (ab^2)^7} = (ab^2 )^{7−7 }= (ab^2 )^0 = 1\) 首先,使用指数乘积法则简化分母。 然后使用指数的商法则来简化其余表达式。 |
注意:\(0^0\)不等于 1。 这是高级课程中涵盖的特例。 现在\(0^0\)考虑未定义。
使用指数简化表达式的有用步骤
- 确定共同基础。
- 如果需要,使用指数乘积法则组合常用基数。
- 如果表达式在分子和分母中都包含公基,则根据需要使用指数的商法则。
使用本章到目前为止涵盖的所有指数规则来简化以下内容。
- \(\dfrac{z ^4 }{z^ 4}\)
- \(\dfrac{d^2 \cdot d^8}{ d^7 \cdot d^3}\)
- \(\dfrac{5(x + y)^3 }{2(x + y)^3}\)
- \(−\dfrac{\sqrt{9}{y^3 }}{y^3}\)
- \(\dfrac{(a^3b^2 )^9}{ (a^3b^2)^3 \cdot (a^3b^2)^4 ˙(a^3b^2)^2}\)
- \(\dfrac{(xyz)^{19} }{(xyz)^{19}}\)


