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31.11: Os elementos químicos (Apêndice K)

  • Page ID
    183703
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    Tabela\(\PageIndex{1}\): Os elementos químicos
    Elemento Símbolo Número atômico Peso atômico 1 Porcentagem de elementos que ocorrem naturalmente no universo
    Hidrogênio H 1 1.008 75
    Hélio Ele 2 4.003 23
    Lítio Li 3 6,94 6 × 10 −7
    Berílio Seja 4 9.012 1 × 10 −7
    Boro B 5 10.821 1 × 10 −7
    Carbono C 6 12.011 0,5
    Azoto N 7 14.007 0.1
    Oxigênio O 8 15.999 1
    Flúor F 9 18.998 4 × 10 −5
    Neon Ne 10 20.180 0,13
    Sódio Na 11 22.990 0,002
    Magnésio Mg 12 24.305 0,06
    Alumínio Al 13 26.982 0,005
    Silício Si 14 28.085 0,07
    Fósforo P 15 30.974 7 × 10 −4
    Enxofre S 16 32,06 0,05
    Cloro Cl 17 35,45 1 × 10 −4
    Argônio Ar 18 39.948 0,02
    Potássio K 19 39.098 3 × 10 −4
    Cálcio Ca 20 40,078 0,007
    Escândio Sc 21 44.956 3 × 10 −6
    Titânio Ti 22 47.867 3 × 10 −4
    Vanádio V 23 50.942 3 × 10 −4
    Cromo Cr 24 51.996 0,0015
    Manganês Mn 25 54.938 8 × 10 −4
    Ferro Fe 26 55.845 0,11
    Cobalto Co 27 58.933 3 × 10 −4
    Níquel Ni 28 58.693 0,006
    Cobre Cu 29 63.546 6 × 10 −6
    Zinco Zn 30 65,38 3 × 10 −5
    Gálio Ga 31 69.723 1 × 10 −6
    Germânio Ge 32 72.630 2 × 10 −5
    Arsênico Como 33 74.922 8 × 10 −7
    Selênio Se 34 78.971 3 × 10 −6
    Bromo Br 35 79.904 7 × 10 −7
    Criptônio Kr 36 83.798 4 × 10 −6
    Rubídio Rb 37 85.468 1 × 10 −6
    “Estrôncio Sr 38 87,62 4 × 10 −6
    Ítrio Y 39 88.906 7 × 10 −7
    Zircônio Zr 40 91,224 5 × 10 −6
    Nióbio Nb 41 92.906 2 × 10 −7
    Molibdênio Mo 42 95,95 5 × 10 −7
    Tecnécio Tc 43 (98) —
    Rutênio Ru 44 101,07 4 × 10 −7
    Ródio Rh 45 102.906 6 × 10 −8
    Paládio Pd 46 106,42 2 × 10 −7
    Prata Ag 47 107.868 6 × 10 −8
    Cádmio Cd 48 112.414 2 × 10 −7
    Índio Em 49 114.818 3 × 10 −8
    Estanho Sn 50 118.710 4 × 10 −7
    Antimônio Sb 51 121.760 4 × 10 −8
    Telúrio Te 52 127,60 9 × 10 −7
    Iodo EU 53 126.904 1 × 10 −7
    Xenon Xe 54 131.293 1 × 10 −6
    Césio Cs 55 132.905 8 × 10 −8
    Bário Ba 56 137.327 1 × 10 −6
    Lantânio La 57 138.905 2 × 10 −7
    Cério Ce 58 140.116 1 × 10 −6
    Praseodímio Pr 59 140,907 2 × 10 −7
    Neodímio Nd 60 144.242 1 × 10 −6
    Promécio Pm 61 (145) —
    Samário Sm 62 150,36 5 × 10 −7
    Európio UE 63 151.964 5 × 10 −8
    Gadolínio Deus 64 157,25 2 × 10 −7
    Térbio Tb 65 158.925 5 × 10 −8
    Disprósio Dia 1 66 162.500 2 × 10 −7
    Holmium Ho 67 164.930 5 × 10 −8
    Érbio Er 68 167.259 2 × 10 −7
    Túlio Tom 69 168.934 1 × 10 −8
    Itérbio Por 70 173.054 2 × 10 −7
    Lutécio Lu 71 174.967 1 × 10 −8
    Háfnio Hf 72 178,49 7 × 10 −8
    Tântalo Ta 73 180.948 8 × 10 −9
    Tungstênio W 74 183,84 5 × 10 −8
    Rênio Re 75 186.207 2 × 10 −8
    Ósmio Os 76 190,23 3 × 10 −7
    Irídio Ir 77 192.217 2 × 10 −7
    Platina Pt 78 195.084 5 × 10 −7
    Ouro Au 79 196.967 6 × 10 −8
    Mercúrio Hg 80 200.592 1 × 10 −7
    Tálio TI 81 204,38 5 × 10 −8
    Liderar Pb 82 207.2 1 × 10 −6
    Bismuto Bi 83 208.980 7 × 10 −8
    Polônio Po 84 (209) —
    Astatine Em 85 (210) —
    Radão Corra 86 (222) —
    Frâncio Pe. 87 (223) —
    Rádio Ra 88 (226) —
    Actínio Ac 89 (227) —
    Tório O 90 232.038 4 × 10 −8
    Protactínio Pa 91 231.036 —
    Urânio U 92 238.029 2 × 10 −8
    Neptúnio Não 93 (237) —
    Plutônio Pu 94 (244) —
    Amerício Sou 95 (243) —
    Cúrio Cm 96 (247) —
    Berquélio Bk 97 (247) —
    Californium Cf 98 (251) —
    Einsteinium Es 99 (252) —
    Férmio Fm 100 (257) —
    Mendelevium Md 101 (258) —
    Nobelium Não 102 (259) —
    Lawrence Lr 103 (262) —
    Rutherfordium Rf 104 (267) —
    Dubnium DB 105 (268) —
    Seaborgium Sg 106 (271) —
    Bohrium Bh 107 (272) —
    Hássio Hs 108 (270) —
    Metinério Monte 109 (276) —
    Estádio Darmstadt Ds 110 (281) —
    Roentgenium Rg 111 (280) —
    Copernício Cn 112 (285) —
    Niônio Nh 113 (284) —
    Flerovium Fl 114 (289) —
    Moscovo Mc 115 (288) —
    Livermorium Lv 116 (293) —
    Tennessee Ts 117 (294) —
    Aula de organização Og 118 (294) —

    Observação: alguns dos elementos mais recentes na parte inferior da tabela têm nomes sugeridos que ainda estão em análise, e esses nomes ainda não estão listados aqui. Por exemplo, o Tennessine é sugerido para o elemento 117, em homenagem ao estado em que o Laboratório Nacional de Oak Ridge está localizado.

    Notas de pé

    1 Onde os pesos atômicos médios não foram bem determinados, os números de massa atômica dos isótopos mais estáveis são dados entre parênteses.


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