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3.13:本章的重点

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    171845
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    在本章中,我们探讨了当我们面对不同意的论点时 “冲突” 的技巧。 最后一章着重探讨了这个过程,重点是:

    • “冲突” 的重要性是 “沉默意味着同意”,或者至少表示同意。
    • 从 “点名” 到 “反驳”,我们的冲突程度各不相同
    • 有效反驳的第一步是研究所提出的论点
    • 通过使用 Toulmin 模型,我们可以发现争论中出现的论点存在缺陷,包括支持和/或包含保留。
    • 论点中存在的保留意见越多,限定词就越重要,这会降低关于 “确定性连续性” 的论点的有效性。 这可能会将有效级别降低到您接受的 “阈值” 以下。
    • 有三种传统方法可以用来反驳论点:直接驳斥、通过小修捍卫现状和反提案。
    屏幕截图 2020-09-06 在 2.28.40 PM.png
    3.13.1:“埃德蒙·伯克”(公共领域;约书亚·雷诺兹通过维基共享资源

    “邪恶得胜的唯一必要条件是善良的人什么都不做。”

    — 埃德蒙·伯克


    This page titled 3.13:本章的重点 is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jim Marteney (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative (OERI)) .