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7.7: 章节关键条款

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    204942
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    平均值
    描述数据中心趋势的数字;有许多专门的平均值,包括算术平均值、加权平均值、中位数、模态和几何平均值。
    中心极限定理
    给定一个具有已知平均值 μ 和已知标准差 α 的随机变量,我们正在使用大小为 n 的随机变量,我们对两个新 RV 感兴趣:样本均值\(\overline X\)。 如果样本的大小 (\(n\)) 足够大,那么\(\overline{X} \sim N\left(\mu, \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\)。 如果样本的大小 (\(n\)) 足够大,则无论总体形状如何,样本均值的分布都将近似正态分布。 样本均值的均值将等于总体均值。 样本均值分布的标准差称为均值的标准差。\(\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\)
    有限种群校正系数
    如果已知总体且正在抽样的总体超过 5%,则调整抽样分布的方差。
    意思
    衡量中心趋势的数字;均值的通用名称是 “平均值”。 术语 “平均值” 是 “算术平均值” 的缩写形式。 根据定义,样本的均值(用表示\(\overline x\))为\(\overline x =\overline{x}=\frac{\text { Sum of all values in the sample }}{\text { Number of values in the sample }}\),总体的均值(用表示\(\mu\))为\(\mu=\frac{\text { Sum of all values in the population }}{\text { Number of values in the population }}\)
    正态分布
    带有 pdf 的连续随机变量\(f(x)=\frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{\frac{-(x-\mu)^{2}}{2 \sigma^{2}}}\),其中\(\mu\)是分布的平均值,\(\sigma\)是标准差。; 符号:\(X \sim N(\mu, \sigma)\)。 如果为\(\sigma = 1\) and\(\mu = 0\),则随机变量称为标准正态分布\(Z\)
    采样分布
    假定\(n\)来自给定总体的规模的简单随机样本具有每个样本的平均值、比例或标准差等测量特征,则所有测量特征的概率分布称为抽样分布。
    均值的标准误
    样本均值分布的标准差,或\(\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\)
    比例的标准误差
    比率抽样分布的标准差

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