4.4: 线性函数
- Page ID
- 171242
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)线性函数是具有以下形式的函数\(f(x) = mx+b\)。 任何可以用表单表示的行也\(y = mx + b\)是一个函数。
当以 Slope-Intercept 形式书写的直线方程没有间隙或中断并且该直线不是垂直线时,请使用函数表示法。 写成\(f(x) = mx + b\)通过垂直线测试的线性函数:
垂直线测试用于确定图形是否将垂直输出定义为水平输入的函数。 如果任何垂直线会多次穿过图形,则图形不会为每个水平输入仅定义一个垂直输出。
有关线性方程的更多信息,请参阅直线部分。
创建解表并绘制以下线性函数的图形:
\(f(x) = 2x − 3\)
解决方案
\(f(x) = 2x − 3\)
要找到两个有序对,请选择小值\(x\),然后计算值\(f(x)\)。
| 的解决方案表\(f(x) = 2x − 3\) | |
| \(x\) | \(f(x)\) |
| -1 | \(f(−1) = 2(−1) − 3 = −2 − 3 = −5\) |
| 0 | \(f(0) = 2(0) − 3 = 0 − 3 = 3\) |
创建解表并绘制以下线性函数的图形:
\(g(x) = \dfrac{1}{ 3} x + 4\)
解决方案
要找到两个有序对,请选择 x 的小值,然后计算的值\(g(x)\)。 由于包含 x 的项的系数是分数,因此请选择分母的倍数,\(\dfrac{1 }{3} x\)使的乘积成为整数。
| 的解决方案表\(g(x) =\dfrac{ 1 }{3} x + 4\) | |
| \(x\) | \(g(x)\) |
| 0 | \(g(0) = \dfrac{1 }{3} (0) + 4 = 4\) |
| 3 | \(g(3) = \dfrac{1 }{3} (3) + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5\) |
创建解表并绘制以下线性函数的图形:
\(h(x) = −4x − 1\)
解决方案
要找到两个有序对,请选择小值\(x\),然后计算值\(h(x)\)。
| 的解决方案表\(h(x) = −4x − 1\) | |
| \(x\) | \(h(x)\) |
| 0 | \(h(0) = −4(0) − 1 = −1\) |
| 1 | \(h(1) = −4(1) − 1 = −5\) |
创建解表并绘制以下线性函数的图形:
\(h(x) = − \dfrac{3 }{4} x − \dfrac{1 }{4}\)
解决方案
要找到两个有序对,请选择小值\(x\),然后计算值\(h(x)\)。因为所含项的系数\(x\)是分数,所以选择分母的倍数\(− \dfrac{3}{4} x\)使乘积成为整数。
| 的解决方案表\(h(x) = − \dfrac{3}{4} x − \dfrac{1}{4}\) | |
| \(x\) | \(h(x)\) |
| 0 | \(h(0) = − \dfrac{3}{4} (0) − \dfrac{1}{4} = − \dfrac{1}{4}\) |
| 4 | \(h(4) = − \dfrac{3}{4} (4) − \dfrac{1}{4} = −3 − \dfrac{1}{4} = −3 \dfrac{1}{4}\) |
创建解表并绘制以下线性函数的图形:
- \(f(x) = 4x − 9\)
- \(g(x) = \dfrac{1}{ 2} x − 2\)
- \(h(x) = −3x + 5\)
- \(f(x) = − \dfrac{2}{ 3} x −\dfrac{ 1 }{3}\)


