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9.11: Marejeo

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    178139
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    43. Abdullah Halimah, “Eastwood, Mwenyekiti Tupu, na Hotuba ya Kila mtu anayesema Kuhusu,” 31 Agosti 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/31/politi...stwood-speech/ (Machi 14, 2016).
    44. “Ushawishi wa Mikataba ya Kidemokrasia na Jamhuri juu ya Maoni ya Wagombea wa Rais,” http://journalistsresource.org/studi...te-evaluations (Machi 14, 2016)
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    53. Dylan Matthews, “Hapa ni Kila Zima ya Serikali ya awali, Kwa nini Walivyotokea na Jinsi Walivyoishia,” The Washington Post, 25 Septemba 2013.
    54. Matthews, “Hapa ni Kila Previous Serikali Shutdown, Kwa nini kilichotokea na Jinsi Walivyoishia.”
    55. Matthews, “Hapa ni Kila Previous Serikali Shutdown, Kwa nini kilichotokea na Jinsi Walivyoishia.”
    56. Drew Desilver, “Congress Polarized ya Leo ina mizizi yake katika miaka ya 1970,” 12 Juni 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...se-ever-since/ (Machi 16, 2016).
    57. “Chama cha Chai na Dini,” 23 Februari 2011, http://www.pewforum.org/2011/02/23/t... na-dini/ (Machi 16, 2016).
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    60. Beth Fouhy, “Occupy Wall Street na Democrats Baki Wasiwasi wa Kila Wengine,” Huffington Post, 17 Novemba 2011
    61. Andrew Buncombe. 9 Novemba 2016. “Donald Trump angepoteza uchaguzi wa Marekani kama Bernie Sanders angekuwa mgombea,” http://www.independent.co.uk/news/pe... -a7406346.html (Novemba 9, 2016).
    62. Drew Desilver, “Katika Mwisho Spurt ya Shughuli, Congress Inapuka 'Chakula cha Uzalishaji',” 29 Desemba 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...ductive-title/ (Machi 16, 2016).
    63. “Congress and the Public,” Gallup, https://news.gallup.com/poll/1600/co...ss-public.aspx (1 Juni 2021).
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    65. Morris Fiorina, “Wamarekani Je, si kuwa Zaidi Polarized kisiasa,” Washington Post, 23 Juni 2014.
    66. Ian Haney-Lopez, “Jinsi GOP Ilivyokuwa 'Chama cha White Man, '” 22 Desemba 2013, https://www.salon.com/2013/12/22/how...te_mans_party/ (Machi 16, 2016).
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    69. Nolan McCarty, “Hate Siasa zetu Polarized? Kwa nini Huwezi kulaumu Gerrymandering,” The Washington Post, 26 Oktoba 2012.
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    71. Arizona State Bunge v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Tume, 135 S. ct. 2652 (2015).
    72. “Wahariri: Republican Wanapaswa kukubali Redistricting Kushindwa na Kuacha Majadiliano ya Rufaa,” 10 Januari 2016, http://www.fairdistrictsnow.org/news/661/ (Machi 16, 2016).