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5.12: Marejeo

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    1. Shirika la Haki za Katiba “Mbio na Upigaji kura katika Kusini Iliyogawanyika,” http://www.crf-usa.org/black-history...gregated-south (Aprili 10, 2016).
    2. Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 Marekani 497 (1954).
    3. Phyler v. Doe, 457 Marekani 202 (1982); F. S. Royster Guano v. Virginia, 253 Marekani 412 (1920).
    4. Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell Shule ya Sheria: Taasisi ya Taarifa “Msingi wa busara,” https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/rational_basis (Aprili 10, 2016); Nebbia v. New York, 291 US 502 (1934).
    5. Marekani v. Carolene Bidhaa Co, 304 Marekani 144 (1938).
    6. Craig v. Boren, 429 Marekani 190 (1976); Clark v. Jeter, 486 Marekani 456 (1988).
    7. Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 Marekani 718 (1982); Marekani v. Virginia, 518 Marekani 515 (1996).
    8. Mathayo Rosenberg na Dave Philipps, “Majukumu yote ya Kupambana Open kwa Wanawake, Katibu wa Ulinzi Anasema,” New York Times, 3 Desemba 2015; Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 Marekani 57 (1981).
    9. Johnson v. California, 543 Marekani 499 (2005).
    10. Korematsu v. Marekani, 323 Marekani 214 (1944).
    11. “Mississippi Black Code,” https://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/recon/code.html (Aprili 10, 2016); “Kanuni za Black na Sheria za nguruwe,” http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-an...s/black-codes/ (10 Aprili 2016).
    12. Catherine K. Bandari, na Pallab K. Maulik. 2010. “Historia ya Ulemavu wa akili.” Katika Encyclopedia ya Kimataifa ya Rehabilitation J. H. Stone na M. http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encycloped...n/article/143/ (Aprili 10, 2016).
    13. Lucia Stanton. 2008. “Thomas Jefferson na Utumwa,” https://www.monticello.org/site/plan...teref3_srni04n.
    14. “Je, utumwa ulipotoweka Kaskazini?” http://www.abolitionseminar.org/how-...olish-slavery/ (Aprili 10, 2016); Nicholas Boston na Jennifer Hallam, “Uzoefu wa Watumwa: Uhuru na Uhuru,” http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/expe...m/history.html (Aprili 10, 2016).
    15. Eric Foner. 1970. Udongo wa bure, Kazi ya Huru, Wanaume wa Huru: Itikadi ya Chama cha Republican Kabla ya Vita vya Wenyewe. New York: Oxford University Press, 28, 50, 54.
    16. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 Marekani 393 (1857).
    17. David M. Potter. 1977. Mgogoro unaokaribia, 1848—1861. New York: Harper & Row, 45.
    18. David Herbert Donald. 1995. Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 407.
    19. Erik Foner. 1988. Ujenzi: Marekani Unfinished Mapinduzi, 1863—1877. New York: Harper & Row, 524—527.
    20. Ibid., 595; Alexander Keyssar. 2000. Haki ya Kupiga Kura: Historia ya Kugombea ya Demokrasia nchini Marekani. New York: Vitabu Msingi, 105—106.
    21. Keyssar, 114—115.
    22. Keyssar, 111-112.
    23. Kimberly Sambol-Tosco, “Uzoefu wa Mtumwa: Elimu, Sanaa, na Utamaduni,” http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/expe... /history2.html (Aprili 10, 2016).
    24. Keyssar, 112.
    25. Alan Greenblat, “Historia ya rangi ya 'Kifungu Babu,” NPR Kanuni Switch, 22 Oktoba 2013. http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswit...dfather-clause.
    26. Keyssar, 111.
    27. Keyssar, 247.
    28. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US. 537 (1896).
    29. “NAACP: Miaka 100 ya Historia,” https://donate.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history (Aprili 10, 2016).
    30. Missouri ngono rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 Marekani 337 (1938).
    31. Brown v. Bodi ya Elimu ya Topeka, 347 Marekani 483 (1954).
    32. “Maombi Hija kwa ajili ya Uhuru,” http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu... _freedom_1957/ (10 Aprili 2016).
    33. Jason Sokol. 2006. Kuna Goes Kila kitu Yangu: White Southerners katika Umri wa Haki za Kiraia. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 116—117.
    34. Ibid., 118—120.
    35. Ibid., 120, 171, 173.
    36. Robert M. Fogelson. 2005. Ndege za mbepari: Suburbia, 1870—1930. New Haven, CT: Chuo Kikuu cha Yale Press, 102—103.
    37. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 Marekani 1 (1948).
    38. Loving v. Virginia, 388 Marekani 1 (1967).
    39. Harper v. Virginia Bodi ya Uchaguzi, 383 Marekani 663 (1966).
    40. “Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869—1948),” http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu...948/index.html (10 Aprili 2016); “Nixon, E. D. (1899—1987),” http://www.blackpast.org/aah/nixon-e...899-1987(April 10, 2016).
    41. Morgan v. Virginia, 328 Marekani 373 (1946).
    42. Angalia Lynne Olson. 2002. Binti wa Uhuru: Heroines Unsung wa Movement Civil Rights Movement kuanzia 1830—1970. New York: Scribner, 97; D. F. Gore et al. 2009. Unataka Kuanza Mapinduzi? Wanawake wenye nguvu katika Mapambano ya Uhuru wa Black. New York: New York University Press; Raymond Arsenault. 2007. Freedom Riders: 1961 na Mapambano ya Haki ya Rangi. New York: Oxford University Press.
    43. Angalia Moyo wa Atlanta Moteli, Inc v. Marekani, 379 US 241 (1964); Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 Marekani 294 (1964), ambayo kujengwa juu ya Wickard v. Filburn, 317 US 111 (1942).
    44. Angalia David Garrow. 1978. Maandamano katika Selma. New Haven, CT: Chuo Kikuu cha Yale Press; David J. Garrow.1988. Kuzaa Msalaba: Martin Luther King Jr na Mkutano wa Uongozi wa Kikristo Kusini. London: Jonathani Cape.
    45. Keyssar, 263—264.
    46. Shelby County v. Holder, 570 Marekani 529 (2013).
    47. Adam Liptak, “Mahakama Kuu Invalidates Sehemu muhimu ya Sheria ya Haki za Kupiga kura,” New York Times, 25 Juni 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/26/us...rt-ruling.html; Wendy R. Weiser na Erik Opsal, “Hali ya Kupiga kura katika 2014,” Brennan Kituo cha Haki, 17 Juni 2014. http://www.brennancenter.org/analysi...te-voting-2014.
    48. Louis E. Lomax. 1963. Wakati Neno linapotolewa: Ripoti juu ya Eliya Muhammad, Malcolm X, na Dunia ya Kiislamu Nyeusi. Cleveland, OH: Dunia Publishing, 173—174; David Farber. 1994. Umri wa Dreams Mkuu: Amerika katika miaka ya 1960. New York: Hill na Wang, 207.
    49. Dan Keating, “Kwa nini Wazungu hawaelewi Ubaguzi wa Black,” Washington Post, 21 Novemba 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/...k-segregation/.
    50. Alana Semuels, “White Flight Haijawahi kumalizika, "Atlantic, 30 Julai 2015. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/...d-well/399980/.
    51. Lindsey Cook, “Elimu ya Marekani: Bado Tofauti na isiyo sawa,” Habari za Marekani na Ripoti ya Dunia, 28 Januari 2015. http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/dat...te-and-unequal.
    52. Sokol, 175—177.
    53. Kriston McIntosh, Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, na Jay Shambaugh, “Kuchunguza Pengo la Mali nyeusi-nyeupe,” Brookings, 27 Februari 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-fr...te-wealth-gap/.
    54. Jacqueline Jones. 1992. Dispossessed: Amerika ya Underclasses Kutoka Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe hadi sasa. New York: Vitabu Msingi, 274, 290-292.
    55. James B. Comey. Februari 12, 2015. “Ukweli mgumu: Utekelezaji wa Sheria na Mbio” (hotuba). https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/ha...ement-and-race.
    56. Julie Hirschfeld Davis na Binyamin Appelbaum. 8 Julai 2015. “Obama Inveils Sheria kali dhidi ya ubaguzi katika Makazi.” New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/09/us...tion.html? _r=0. Tracy Januari 24 Desemba 2018. “Ben Carson ya HUD Dials Back Uchunguzi katika Makazi Ubaguzi.” Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/busin...=.1776fde23f6b. Diane Yentel. 23 Agosti 2018. “Trump Utawala Inaendelea kudhoofisha haki Housing Sheria. Kilima. https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-ri...ir-housing-act.
    57. Politico Magazine. 12 Agosti 2018. “Nini Charlottesville Ilibadilishwa.” Politico. https://www.politico.com/magazine/st...irginia-219353
    58. Bakke v. California, 438 US 265 (1978).
    59. Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 Marekani 306 (2003).
    60. Fisher v. Chuo Kikuu cha Texas, 570 Marekani 297 (2013); Fisher v. Chuo Kikuu cha Texas, 579 Marekani ___ (2016).
    61. Mary Beth Norton. 1980. Mabinti wa Uhuru: Uzoefu wa Mapinduzi wa Wanawake wa Marekani, 1750—1800. New York: kidogo, kahawia, na Kampuni, 46.
    62. Ibid., 47.
    63. Jan Ellen Lewis. 2011. “Rethinking Suffrage Wanawake katika New Jersey, 1776—1807,” Rutgers Law Review 63, No. 3, http://www.rutgerslawreview.com/wp-c...sue3/Lewis.pdf.
    64. DenEen L. Brown, “Ida B. Wells Anapata yake Kutokana kama Mweusi Suffragist ambaye alikataa Ubaguzi wa rangi wa Movement,” 25 Agosti 2020, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/histo...union-station/
    65. Keyssar, 174.
    66. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 1993. Miaka Themanini na Zaidi: Kumbukumbu, 1815—1897. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 148.
    67. Elizabeth Cady Stanton et al. 1887. Historia ya Mwanamke suffrage, vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard Press, 73.
    68. Jean H. Baker 2005. Sisters: Maisha ya Suffragists Marekani. New York: Hill na Wang, 109.
    69. Angelina Grimke. 2 Oktoba 1837. “Barua XII Haki za Binadamu Haijaanzishwa juu ya Ngono.” Katika Barua kwa Catherine E. Beecher: Katika Jibu kwa Insha juu ya Utumwa na Ukomeshaji. Boston: Knapp, 114—121.
    70. Keyssar, 178.
    71. Keyssar, 184.
    72. Keyssar, 175, 186—187.
    73. Keyssar, 214.
    74. “Alice Paul,” https://www.nwhm.org/education-resou...es/alice-paul/ (Aprili 10, 2016).
    75. Deborah Rhode. 2009. Haki na Jinsia: Ubaguzi wa kijinsia na Sheria. Cambridge, MA: Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard Press, 66—67.
    76. Daniel Villarreal, “GOP Seneta Lisa Murkowski Inasaidia Sheria ya Kuridhia ERA Sasa Baada Mitch McConnell Blocked Seneti Vote, "Newsweek, 22 Januari 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/gop-senator...e-vote-1563853.
    77. Mark Hugo Lopez na Ana Gonzalez-Barrera. 6 Machi 2014. “Wanawake College Uandikishaji Faida Acha Wanaume Nyuma,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...ve-men-behind/; Allie Bidwell, “Wanawake Zaidi Uwezekano wa Graduate College, lakini Bado Kupata Chini ya Wanaume,” US News & World Ripoti, 31 Oktoba 2014.
    78. “Mtazamo wa sasa kwa Wanawake katika Sheria - Julai 2014,” American Bar Association, Julai 2014; “Waombaji Shule ya Matibabu, Uandikishaji Kufikia Muda wote Highs,” Chama cha Vyuo vya Medical American, Oktoba
    79. Roe v. Wade, 410 Marekani 113 (1973).
    80. Emine Yücel, “Wanaume na Wanawake NCAA Machi Madness Vifaa, Tofauti na usawa, Cheche Ghasia,” NPR, 19 Machi 2021, https://www.npr.org/2021/03/19/97939...l-spark-uproar.
    81. “USWNT Lawsuit dhidi ya Marekani Soccer Explained: Kufafanua Pengo Pay, Nini hatarini kwa pande zote mbili, "ESPN, 3 Juni 2020, https://www.espn.com/soccer/united-s...for-both-sides.
    82. “Usawa wa Kulipa na Ubaguzi,” http://www.iwpr.org/initiatives/pay-...discrimination (Aprili 10, 2016).
    83. Bonnie Chiu, “Uonekano wa Mbio katika Jinsia Pay Gap Majadiliano,” Forbes, 13 Juni 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/bonniec...h=4eab21f85664.
    84. Gretchen Livingston. 2 Julai 2013. “Kuongezeka kwa Baba Single,” http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/...ingle-fathers/.
    85. “Umaskini nchini Marekani: Snapshot,” Kituo cha Taifa cha Sheria na Haki za Kiuchumi, http://www.nclej.org/poverty-in-the-us.php.
    86. “Hesabu za sasa,” http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/current-numbers (Januari 10, 2019).
    87. “Takwimu,” http://www.ncadv.org/learn/statistics (10 Aprili 2016); “Takwimu Kuhusu unyanyasaji wa kijinsia,” http://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/f...violence_0.pdf (10 Aprili 2016).
    88. Heather D. Boonstra na Elizabeth Nash. 2014. “Kuongezeka kwa Vikwazo vya Utoaji mimba vya Serikali huwaweka watoaji-na Wanawake wanaohudumia-katika Crosshairs,” Mapitio ya Sera ya Guttmacher 17, No. 1, https://www.guttmacher.org/about/gpr...rve-crosshairs.
    89. Afya Whole Mwanamke v. Hellerstedt, 579 Marekani ___ (2016).
    90. Heather D. Boonstra. 2013. “Ufikiaji wa Bima ya Utoaji mimba: Zaidi ya Isipokuwa kwa Uhatarishaji wa Maisha, Ubakaji na Uvamizi,” Mapitio ya Sera ya Guttmacher 16, No. 3, https://www.guttmacher.org/about/gpr...ape-and-incest.
    91. “Takataka Mshahara Man (Marekani),” http://www.payscale.com/research/US/...an/Hourly_Rate (Aprili 10, 2016).
    92. “Mshahara wa Huduma ya Watoto/Day Care Worker (Marekani),” http://www.payscale.com/research/US/...er/Hourly_Rate (Aprili 10, 2016).
    93. Theodore Haas. 1957. “Mambo ya Kisheria ya Mambo ya Kihindi kuanzia mwaka 1887 hadi 1957,” Chuo cha Marekani cha Sayansi ya Siasa 311, 12—22.
    94. Elk v. Wilkins, (1884) 112 Marekani 94.
    95. Angalia Alan Gallay. 2009. Hindi utumwa katika Amerika ya Kikoloni. Lincoln: Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska Press
    96. Angalia James Wilson. 1998. Dunia Atalia: Historia ya Amerika ya Wenyeji. New York: Grove Press.
    97. Ibid; Gloria Jahoda. 1975. Trail ya Machozi: Hadithi ya American Hindi Removal, 1813—1855. New York: Henry Holt.
    98. Angalia Wilson. 1998. Dunia italia.
    99. Angalia John Ehle. 1988. Trail ya Machozi: Kupanda na kuanguka kwa Taifa Kicherokee. New York: Doubleday; Theda Perdue na Michael Green. 2007. Kicherokee Taifa na Trail ya Machozi. New York: Penguin Books.
    100. Kicherokee Taifa v. Georgia, 30 Marekani 1 (1831).
    101. Francis Paul Prucha. 1984. Baba Mkuu: Serikali ya Marekani na Wahindi wa Marekani, vol. Lincoln: Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska Press, 212; Robert V. Andrew Jackson na Vita Vyake vya Hindi. New York: Viking, 257; Worcester v. Georgia, 31 Marekani 515 (1832).
    102. Prucha, 241; Ehle, 390—392; Russell Thornton. 1991. “Demografia ya Trail ya Machozi,” Katika Kicherokee Removal: Kabla na Baada, ed. William L. Anderson. Athens: Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia Press, 75—93.
    103. “Hifadhi ya India,” http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/Refe...d=&documentId =
    Gale|CX3401802046&jina la kikundi cha mtumiaji = lnoca_hawken&JSID =F44511ddFece4faFab082109E34A539 (Aprili 10, 2016).
    104. Ibid.
    105. “Sheria ya Curtis (1898),” http://www.okhistory.org/publication...hp? Ingia=CU006 (Aprili 10, 2016).
    106. Angalia mchezo Whitney Canfield. 1988. Sarah Winnemucca wa Paiutes Kaskazini. Norman: Chuo Kikuu cha Oklahoma Press.
    107. Sheria ya Urekebishaji wa India ya 1934 (P.L. 73—383); “Hifadhi ya India,” http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/Refe...d=&documentId =
    Gale|CX3401802046&userGroupname=LNOCA_hawken&JSID=F44511DDFece4FAAB082109E34A539 (Aprili 10, 2016).
    108. Daniel McCool, Susan M. Olson, na Jennifer L. Robinson. 2007. Native Kura. Cambridge, MA: Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge Press, 9, 19.
    109. “Hifadhi ya India,” http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/Refe...d=&documentId =
    Gale|CX3401802046&jina la kikundi cha mtumiaji = lnoca_hawken&JSID =F44511ddFece4faFab082109E34A539 (Aprili 10, 2016).
    110. Angalia Troy R. Johnson. 1996. Kazi ya Alcatraz Island: Hindi Kujitegemea na Kupanda kwa Uanaharakati wa India. Urbana: Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois Press.
    111. Emily Chertoff, “Kuchukua Goti waliojeruhiwa: Kuzingirwa Siku 71 na Movement Wamesahau Haki za Kiraia,” Atlantic, 23 Oktoba http://www.theatlantic.com/national/...vement/263998/.
    112. Ibid.
    113. Sheria ya Umma 93—638: Sheria ya Uhuru na Elimu ya Hindi, kama ilivyorekebishwa.
    114. W. Dale Mason. 2000. Hindi Gaming: kikabila uhuru na Siasa ya Marekani. Norman: Chuo Kikuu cha Oklahoma Press, 60—64.
    115. Sheria ya Umma 95—341: Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kihindi wa Marekani, Azimio
    116. Winters v. Marekani, 207 Marekani 564 (1908).
    117. Adam Liptak.27 Novemba 2018. “Je Nusu ya Oklahoma Hindi Reservation? Mahakama Kuu Sifts uhalali.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/u...eme-court.html.
    118. “Maswali kubaki kuhusu Jimbo Mamlaka juu ya Uhalifu katika baada ya McGirt Oklahoma, "American Bar Association, 26 Januari 2021, https://www.americanbar.org/groups/c...girt-oklahoma/.
    119. Tume ya Marekani ya Haki za Kiraia, “Frontier ya Ubaguzi wa rangi: Hadithi isiyojulikana ya Ubaguzi na Idara huko Alaska,” http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/sac/ak0402/ch1.htm (Aprili 10, 2016).
    120. Ryan Mielke, “Miaka ya Hawaiians' ya unyanyasaji,” Chicago Tribune, 4 Septemba 1999. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1...oha-land-trust.
    121. Brittany Lyte, “Uchaguzi wa kihistoria ungeweza kurudi uhuru kwa Wenyeji wa Hawaii,” Aljazeera America 30 Oktoba 2015, http://america.aljazeera.com/article...hawaiians.html.
    122. Jason Daley. 28 Septemba 2016. “Utawala Huruhusu Wenyeji wa Hawaii kuunda Serikali yao wenyewe.” Smithosian.com. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart...ent-180960598/. Brittany Lyte. 5 Novemba 2017. “Wenyeji wa Hawaii tena wanatafuta uhuru wa kisiasa na Katiba mpya.” Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/natio...=.b456552351c1.
    123. Jens Manuel Krogstad. 13 Juni 2014. “Wamarekani Wenyeji wa Wamarekani na Wenyeji wa Alaska Wanaishi katika Umaskini,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...ng-in-poverty/.
    124. Karina L. Walters, Jane M. Simoni, na Teresa Evans-Campbell. 2002. “Matumizi ya Dutu Miongoni mwa Wahindi wa Marekani na Wenyeji wa Alaska: Kujumuisha Utamaduni katika Paradigm ya 'Indigenist' ya kukabiliana na matatizo,” Ripoti za Afya ya Umma 117: S105.
    125. Kehaulani Lum, “Native Hawaiians' Trail of Tears,” Chicago Tribune, 24 Agosti 1999. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1... -watu-aleuts.
    126. “Rico v. Latino,” http://www.soaw.org/resources/anti-o...anic-vs-latino (Aprili 10, 2016).
    127. David G. Gutierrez. 1995. Majumba na Vioo: Wamarekani wa Mexico, Wahamiaji wa Mexico, na Siasa za Ukab Berkeley: Chuo Kikuu cha California Press, sura ya 1.
    128. Angalia Abraham Hoffman. 1974. Wamarekani zisizohitajika katika Unyogovu Mkuu: Rejesha makwao Shinikizo, 1929—1939. Tucson: Chuo Kikuu cha Arizona Press.
    129. Angalia Michael Snodgrass. 2011. “Programu ya Bracero,1942—1964” Katika Zaidi ya Mpaka: Historia ya Uhamiaji wa Mexican-Marekani, ed. Mark Overmyer-Velásquez. New York: Oxford University Press, 79—102.
    130. Angalia Benjamin Marquez. 1993. LULAC: Mageuzi ya Shirika la Kisiasa la Marekani la Mexico. Austin: Chuo Kikuu cha Texas Press.
    131. Mendez v. Wilaya ya Shule ya Westminister, 64 F. Supp. 544 (S.D. Cal 1946).
    132. Angalia Avi Astor. 2009. “Uhamiaji usioidhinishwa, Usalama, na Utekelezaji wa Operesheni Wetback,” Mafunzo ya Latino 7:5—29.
    133. Angalia John R. Chavez. 1997. “Image Chicano na Hadithi ya Aztlan Rediscovered.” Katika Myth Amerika: Anthology ya kihistoria (kiasi II), eds. Patrick Gerster na Nicholas Kamba. New York: Brandywine Press; F. Arturo Rosales. Chicano! Historia ya Movement Mexican American Haki za Kiraia. Houston, Texas: Arte Público Press.
    134. Angalia Rosales, American Civil Haki Movement.
    135. Angalia Sal Castro. 2011. mlipuko! Sal Castro na Chicano Mapambano kwa ajili ya Haki ya Elimu. Chapel Hill: Chuo Kikuu cha North Carolina Press.
    136. Angalia Randy Shaw. 2008. Zaidi ya Mashamba: Cesar Chavez, UFW, na Mapambano ya Haki katika karne ya 21. Berkeley: Chuo Kikuu cha California Press; Susan Ferriss, Ricardo Sandoval, na Diana Hembree. 1998. Kupambana katika Mashamba: Cesar Chavez na Movement Farmworkers. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
    137. CNN. 19 Machi 1998. “Zaidi ya Prop California. 187 ilitawala kinyume na Katiba,” http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/03/19/prop.187/; Patrick J. McDonnell, “Prop. 187 Kupatikana kinyume na Katiba na Jaji Shirikisho,” Los Angeles Times, 15 Novemba 1997 http://articles.latimes.com/1997/nov/15/news/mn-54053.
    138. Teresa Watanabe na Hector Becerra, “500,000 Pack Streets kupinga Bili za Uhamiaji,” Los Angeles Times, 26 Machi 2006.
    139. Arizona v. Marekani, 567 Marekani 387 (2012).
    140. Arizona, 567 US.
    141. Kituo cha Utafiti wa Mambo ya Umma. 24 Novemba 2015. “Utafiti wa UNO: Pengo la Kiwango cha Uzazi Kati ya Jamii, Makabila yanashuka,” http://www.unomaha.edu/news/2015/01/fertility.php.
    142. Rakesh Kochhar na Richard Fry. 12 Desemba 2014. “Ukosefu wa Utajiri umeongezeka Pamoja na Mipango ya Kikabila, Tangu Mwisho wa Uchumi Mkuu,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...eat-recession/; “Viwango vya Uhitimu wa Shule ya Upili ya Serikali Kwa Mbio, Ukabila,” http://www.governing.com/gov-data/ed...ethnicity.html (Aprili 10, 2016); Mark Hugo Lopez na Richard Fry. 4 Septemba 2013. “Miongoni mwa Hivi karibuni High School Grads, Rico College Uandikishaji Viwango inapita ile ya wazungu,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...he-first-time/.
    143. Perry Bacon Jr. 6 Desemba 2018. “Trump Amefanya Sera ya Marekani Zaidi Sugu kwa Uhamiaji — Bila Ukuta.” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features...ration-policy/.
    144. Angalia Gabriel Chin na Hrishi Kathrikeyan. 2002. “Kuhifadhi Identity ya rangi: Idadi ya Watu Patterns na Matumizi ya Kupambana Miscegenation amri kwa Wamarekani Asia, 1910—1950,” Asia Law Journal 9.
    145. Angalia Greg Robinson. 2010. Janga la Demokrasia: Kijapani kifungo katika Amerika ya Kaskazini. New York: Columbia University Press.
    146. Korematsu v. Marekani, 323 Marekani 214 (1944).
    147. Robinson, Janga la Demokrasia.
    148. Angalia William Wei. 1993. Asia American Movement. Philadelphia: Temple Chuo
    149. Lau v. Nichols, 414 Marekani 563 (1974).
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