S1
Kutoka hatua\(B\) kwa hatua\(C\), bei kuongezeka kutoka\(\$70\) kwa\(\$80\), na\(Q_d\) itapungua kutoka\(2,800\) kwa\(2,600\). Hivyo:
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{2600-2800}{(2600+2800)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{-200}{2700}\times 100\\ &= -7.41 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{80-70}{(80+70)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{10}{75}\times 100\\ &= 13.33 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Demand} &= \frac{-7.41\%}{13.33\%}\\ &= 0.56 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya mahitaji ni inelastic katika eneo hili; yaani, thamani yake ya elasticity ni chini ya moja.
Jibu kutoka Point\(D\) hadi hatua\(E\):
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{2200-2400}{(2200+2400)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{-200}{2300}\times 100\\ &= -8.7 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{100-90}{(100+90)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{10}{95}\times 100\\ &= 10.53 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Demand} &= \frac{-8.7\%}{10.53\%}\\ &= 0.83 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya mahitaji ni inelastic katika eneo hili; yaani, thamani yake ya elasticity ni chini ya moja.
Jibu kutoka Point\(G\) hadi hatua\(H\):
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{1600-1800}{1700}\times 100\\ &= \frac{-200}{1700}\times 100\\ &= -11.76 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{130-120}{125}\times 100\\ &= \frac{10}{125}\times 100\\ &= 8.00 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Demand} &= \frac{-11.76\%}{8.00\%}\\ &= -1.47 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya mahitaji ni elastic katika kipindi hiki.
S2
Kutoka hatua\(J\) kwa hatua\(K\), bei huongezeka kutoka\(\$8\) kwa\(\$9\), na wingi huongezeka kutoka\(50\) kwa\(70\). Hivyo:
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{70-50}{(70+50)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{20}{60}\times 100\\ &= 33.33 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{\$9-\$8}{(\$9+\$8)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{1}{8.5}\times 100\\ &= 11.76 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Supply} &= \frac{33.33\%}{11.76\%}\\ &= 2.83 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya usambazaji ni elastic katika eneo hili; yaani, thamani yake ya elasticity ni kubwa kuliko moja.
Kutoka hatua\(L\) kwa hatua\(M\), bei kuongezeka kutoka\(\$10\) kwa\(\$11\), wakati\(Q_s\) kuongezeka kutoka\(80\) kwa\(88\):
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{88-80}{(88+80)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{8}{84}\times 100\\ &= 9.52 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{\$11-\$10}{(\$11+\$10)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{1}{10.5}\times 100\\ &= 9.52 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Demand} &= \frac{9.52\%}{9.52\%}\\ &= 1.0 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya usambazaji ina elasticity ya umoja katika eneo hili.
Kutoka hatua\(N\) kwa hatua\(P\), bei kuongezeka kutoka\(\$12\) kwa\(\$13\), na\(Q_s\) kuongezeka kutoka\(95\) kwa\(100\):
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in quantity} &= \frac{100-95}{(100+95)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{5}{97.5}\times 100\\ &= 5.13 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \% \text{ change in price} &= \frac{\$13-\$12}{(\$13+\$12)\div 2}\times 100\\ &= \frac{1}{12.5}\times 100\\ &= 8.0 \end{align*}\]
\[\begin{align*} \text{Elasticity of Supply} &= \frac{5.13\%}{8.0\%}\\ &= 0.64 \end{align*}\]
Curve ya usambazaji ni inelastic katika eneo hili la curve ya usambazaji.