Skip to main content
Global

13.0: Utangulizi wa Uelewa wa Kisasa wa Urithi

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    176176

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    Jeni ni kitengo cha kimwili cha urithi, na jeni hupangwa kwa utaratibu wa mstari juu ya chromosomes. Tabia na mwingiliano wa chromosomes wakati wa meiosis huelezea, kwa kiwango cha seli, mifumo ya urithi tunayoyaona kwa watu. Matatizo ya maumbile yanayohusisha mabadiliko katika idadi au muundo wa kromosomu yanaweza kuwa na madhara makubwa na yanaweza kuzuia yai ya mbolea isiendelee kabisa.

    Kielelezo\(\PageIndex{1}\): Chromosomes ni miundo nyuklia threadlike yenye DNA na protini ambazo hutumika kama vituo vya habari za maumbile. Chromosomes zilizoonyeshwa hapa zilikuwa zimetengwa na tezi ya salivary ya kuruka ya matunda, iliyoharibiwa na rangi, na inaonekana chini ya darubini. Kwa kuzingatia nambari za bar za miniature, chromosomes hupata rangi tofauti ili kuzalisha mifumo ya banding ya tabia, ambayo inaruhusu utambulisho wao wa kawaida. (mikopo: mabadiliko ya kazi na “LPLT” /Wikimedia Commons; data ya kiwango cha bar kutoka Matt Russell)