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31.10: Nyota Twenty Brightest (Kiambatisho J)

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    Kumbuka: Hizi ni nyota zinazoonekana kuwa nyepesi zaidi, kama inavyoonekana kutoka kwenye hatua yetu ya juu duniani. Sio lazima nyota ambazo ni za kawaida zaidi.

    Jedwali lililoitwa “Stars Brightest Twenty” yenye nguzo kumi na moja na safu ishirini na moja. Mstari wa kwanza ni mstari wa kichwa na huandika kila safu: “Jina la Jadi la chini: Nyota angavu zaidi huwa na majina kutoka zamani. Karibu na jina la kale la kila nyota, tumeongeza safu na jina lake katika mfumo uliotokana na Bayer”, “Jina la Bayer”, “Mwangaza (Sun = 1)”, “Umbali (mwanga wa mwaka) maelezo ya chini: Umbali wa nyota za mbali zaidi hukadiriwa kutoka kwa aina zao za spectral na mwangaza unaoonekana na ni takriban tu. Luminosities kwa nyota hizo ni takriban kwa kiwango sawa.”, “Aina ya Spectral”, “Mwendo sahihi: RA (arcsec/y)”, “Mwendo sahihi: Desemba (arcsec/y)”, “Kupaa kwa haki (h) maelezo ya chini: Kupaa kwa haki iliyotolewa kwa Epoch 2000.0”, “Kupungua (deg ) maelezo ya chini: Kupungua kwa ajili ya Epoch 2000.0”, “Declination (min) maelezo ya chini: Declination aliyopewa kwa ajili ya Epoch 2000.0”. Mstari wa pili unasoma “Sirius “, “α Canis Majoris”, “22.5", “8.6", “A1 V”, “-0.5”, “-1.2”, “06”, “45.2”, “-16”, “43". Mstari wa tatu unasoma “Canopus “, “α Carinae”, “13,500”, “309”, “F0 II”, “+0.02”, “+0.02”, “06”, “24.0”, “-52”, “42”. Mstari wa nne unasoma “Rigil Kentaurus”, “α Centauri”, “1.94", “4.32", “G2 V + K IV”, “-3.7”, “+0.5”, “14”, “39.7”, “-60”, “50". Mstari wa tano unasoma “Arcturus “, “α Bootis”, “120”, “36.72”, “K1.5 III”, “-1.1”, “-2.0”, “14", “15.7”, “+19", “11". Mstari wa sita unasoma “Vega “, “α Lyrae”, “49", “25.04”, “A0 V”, “+0.2”, “+0.3”, “18", “36.9", “+38", “47". Mstari wa saba unasoma “Capella “, “α Aurigae”, “140”, “42.80”, “G8 III + G0 III”, “+0.08”, “-0.4”, “05”, “16.7”, “+46", “00”. Mstari wa nane unasoma “Rigel “, “β Orionis”, “50,600”, “863", “B8 I”, “+0.00”, “+0.00”, “05”, “14.5”, “-08”, “12". Mstari wa tisa unasoma “Procyon”, “α Canis Minoris”, “7.31”, “11.46", “F5 IV-V”, “-0.7”, “-1.0”, “07”, “39.3”, “+05”, “14". Mstari wa kumi unasoma “Achernar “, “α Eridani”, “1030", “139", “B3 V”, “+0.10”, “-0.04”, “01”, “37.7", “-57", “14". Mstari wa kumi na moja unasoma “Betelgeuse “, “α Orionis”, “13,200”, “498", “M2 I”, “+0.02”, “+0.01”, “05”, “55.2", “+07”, “24". Mstari wa kumi na mbili unasoma “Hadar”, “β Centauri”, “7050", “392", “B1 III”, “-0.03”, “-0.02”, “14”, “03.8”, “-60”, “22". Mstari wa kumi na tatu unasoma “Altair “, “α Aquilae”, “11.2", “16.73”, “A7 V”, “+0.5”, “+0.4”, “19", “50.8", “+08", “52”. Mstari wa kumi na nne unasoma “Acrux “, “α Crucis”, “4090", “322", “B0.5 IV + B1 V”, “-0.04”, “-0.01”, “12”, “26.6”, “-63", “06”. Mstari wa kumi na tano unasoma “Aldebaran”, “α Tauri”, “160", “66.64”, “K5 III”, “+0.1”, “-0.2”, “04”, “35.9”, “+16", “31”. Mstari wa kumi na sita unasoma “Spica “, “α Virginis”, “2030”, “250", “B1 III-IV + B2 V”, “-0.04”, “-0.03”, “13”, “25.2”, “-11", “10”. Mstari wa kumi na saba unasoma “Antares”, “α Scorpii”, “9290", “554”, “M1.5 I + B2.5 V”, “-0.01”, “-0.02”, “16”, “29.4”, “-26”, “26”. Mstari wa kumi na nane unasoma “Pollux “, “β Geminorum”, “31.6”, “33.78”, “K0 III”, “-0.6”, “-0.05”, “07”, “45.3”, “+28", “02". Mstari wa kumi na tisa unasoma “Fomalhaut “, “α Piscis Austrini”, “17.2”, “25.13”, “A3 V”, “+0.03”, “-0.2”, “22”, “57.6", “-29", “37". Mstari wa ishirini unasoma “Mimosa”, “β Crucis”, “1980", “279", “B0.5 III”, “-0.04”, “-0.02”, “12", “47.7", “-59", “41”. Mstari wa ishirini na moja unasoma “Deneb “, “α Cygni”, “50,600”, “1412", “A2 I”, “+0.00”, “+0.00”, “20", “41.4”, “+45", “17".
    Kielelezo\(\PageIndex{1}\) Nyota angavu huwa na majina kutoka zamani. Karibu na jina la kila nyota ya kale, tumeongeza safu yenye jina lake katika mfumo uliotokana na Bayer (tazama sanduku la kipengele cha Nyota cha Kuita jina katika Sehemu ya 19.2.) Umbali wa nyota za mbali zaidi hukadiriwa kutoka kwa aina zao za spectral na mwangaza unaoonekana na ni takriban tu. Luminosities kwa nyota hizo ni takriban kwa kiwango sawa. Kupaa kwa haki na kupungua hutolewa kwa Epoch 2000.0.