22.3: Vitengo na Mambo ya uongofu

$\newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} }$

$\newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}}$

$\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}$

$\newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}$

$\newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}$

$\newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}$

$\newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}$

$\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}$

$\newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}$

$\newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}$

$\newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}$

$\newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}$

$\newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}$

$\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}$

$\newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}$

Units ya Urefu

mita (m)	= 39.37 inches (katika.) = yadi 1.094 (yd)
sentimita (cm)	= 0.01 m (halisi, ufafanuzi)
milimita (mm)	= 0.001 m (halisi, ufafanuzi)
kilomita (km)	= 1000 m (halisi, ufafanuzi)
angstrom ()	= 10 ^—8 cm (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 10 ^—10 m (halisi, ufafanuzi)
yadi (yd)	= 0.9144 m
inchi (katika.)	= 2.54 cm (halisi, ufafanuzi)
maili (Marekani)	= 1.60934 km

Jedwali C1

Units ya Volume

lita (L)	= 0.001 m ³ (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 1000 cm ³ (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 1.057 (US) quarts
mililita (mL)	= 0.001 L (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 1 cm ³ (halisi, ufafanuzi)
microlita $(μL)$	= 10 ^—6 L (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 10 ^—3 cm ³ (halisi, ufafanuzi)
kioevu quart (Marekani)	= 32 (Marekani) ounces kioevu (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 0.25 (Marekani) gallon (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 0.9463 L
quart kavu	= 1.1012 L
cubic mguu (Marekani)	= 28.316 L

Jedwali C2

Units ya Misa

gramu (g)	= 0.001 kg (halisi, ufafanuzi)
miligramu (mg)	= 0.001 g (halisi, ufafanuzi)
kilo (kg)	= 1000 g (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 2.205 lb
tani (metriki)	=1000 kg (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 2204.62 lb
Ounsi (oz)	= 28.35 g
pauni (lb)	= 0.4535924 kilo
tani (fupi)	=2000 lb (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 907.185 kg
tani (muda mrefu)	= 2240 lb (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 1.016 tani za metri

Jedwali C3

Units ya Nishati

4.184 Joule (J)	= 1 calorie thermochemical (cal)
1 calorie thermochemical (cal)	= 4.184 $\times$ 10 ^{- 7} erg
erg	= 10 ^—7 J (halisi, ufafanuzi)
elektroni-volt (eV)	= 1.60218 $\times$ 10 ^-19 J = 23.061 kcal ^mol-1
lita+angahewa	= 24.217 cal = 101.325 J (halisi, ufafanuzi)
kalori ya lishe (Cal)	= 1000 cal (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 4184 J
Kitengo cha mafuta cha Uingereza (BTU)	= 1054.804 J ¹

Jedwali C4

Units ya Shinikizo

torr	= 1 mm Hg (halisi, ufafanuzi)
Pascal (Pa)	= N m ^-2 (halisi, ufafanuzi) = kg m ^—1 s ^—2 (halisi, ufafanuzi)
anga (atm)	= 760 mm Hg (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 760 torr (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 101,325 N m ^—2 (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 101,325 Pa (halisi, ufafanuzi)
baa	= 10 ⁵ Pa (halisi, ufafanuzi) = 10 ⁵ kg m ^—1 s ^—2 (halisi, ufafanuzi)

Jedwali C5

1 BTU ni kiasi cha nishati kinachohitajika ili kuchoma pauni moja ya maji kwa shahada moja Fahrenheit. Kwa hiyo uhusiano halisi wa BTU kwa joules na vitengo vingine vya nishati hutegemea halijoto ambalo BTU inapimwa. 59 °F (15 °C) ni joto la kumbukumbu linalotumika sana kwa ufafanuzi wa BTU nchini Marekani. Kwa joto hili, sababu ya uongofu ni moja iliyotolewa katika meza hii.