16.6: Masharti muhimu

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entropy (S): kazi ya serikali ambayo ni kipimo cha suala na/au usambazaji wa nishati ndani ya mfumo, imedhamiriwa na idadi ya microstates ya mfumo; mara nyingi huelezewa kama kipimo cha ugonjwa wa mfumo

Gibbs bure mabadiliko ya nishati (G): mali ya thermodynamic inavyoelezwa kwa suala la mfumo wa enthalpy na entropy; michakato yote ya hiari inahusisha kupungua kwa G

microstate: inawezekana Configuration au utaratibu wa suala na nishati ndani ya mfumo

mchakato usio na hiari: mchakato ambayo inahitaji kuendelea pembejeo ya nishati kutoka chanzo cha nje

mchakato wa kurekebishwa: mchakato unaofanyika hivyo polepole kama kuwa na uwezo wa kugeuza mwelekeo katika kukabiliana na mabadiliko infinitesimally ndogo katika hali; kujenga nadharia ambayo inaweza tu kuwa takriban na michakato halisi

sheria ya pili ya thermodynamics: michakato yote ya hiari inahusisha ongezeko la entropy ya ulimwengu

mabadiliko ya hiari: mchakato unaofanyika bila pembejeo ya kuendelea ya nishati kutoka chanzo cha nje

entropy ya kawaida (S°): entropy kwa mole moja ya dutu katika shinikizo la bar 1; maadili yaliyowekwa mara nyingi huamua saa 298.15 K

mabadiliko ya kawaida ya entropy (Δ S°): mabadiliko katika entropy kwa mmenyuko mahesabu kwa kutumia entropies kiwango

mabadiliko ya nishati ya bure ya kawaida (Δ G°): mabadiliko katika nishati ya bure kwa mchakato unaotokea chini ya hali ya kawaida (shinikizo la bar 1 kwa gesi, mkusanyiko wa 1 M kwa ufumbuzi)

nishati ya kawaida ya malezi $(Δ G_{f}^{°})$: mabadiliko katika nishati ya bure inayoongozana na malezi ya mole moja ya dutu kutoka kwa vipengele vyake katika majimbo yao ya kawaida

sheria ya tatu ya thermodynamics: entropy ya kioo kamili katika sifuri kabisa (0 K) ni sifuri