7.9: Mlinganyo muhimu

$\newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} }$

$\newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}}$

$\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}$

$\newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}$

$\newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}$

$\newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}$

$\newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}$

$\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}$

$\newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}$

$\newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}$

$\newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}$

$\newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}$

$\newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}$

$\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}$

$\newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}$

$\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}$

$\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}$

$malipo rasmi = # valence shell elektroni (bure atomi) - # lone jozi elektroni - \frac{1}{2} # bonding elektroni$

Nishati ya dhamana kwa molekuli ya diatomic:

$XY (g) ⟶ X (g) + Y (g) D_{X—Y} = Δ H °$

Enthalpy mabadiliko: Δ H = D _{vifungo kuvunjwa} — _{dhamana D sumu}

Nishati ya kimiani kwa MX imara:

$MX (s) ⟶ M^{n +} (g) + X^{n -} (g) Δ H_{kiunzi cha fito}$

Nishati ya tani kwa kioo cha ionic:

$Δ H_{kiunzi cha fito} = \frac{C (Z^{+}) (Z^{-})}{R_{o}}$