7.9: Mlinganyo muhimu

Last updated
Save as PDF

Page ID: 188872

\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

malipo rasmi = # valence shell elektroni (bure atomi) - # lone jozi elektroni - \frac{1}{2} # bonding elektroni

Nishati ya dhamana kwa molekuli ya diatomic:

XY (g) ⟶ X (g) + Y (g) D_{X—Y} = Δ H °

Enthalpy mabadiliko: Δ H = D _{vifungo kuvunjwa} — _{dhamana D sumu}

Nishati ya kimiani kwa MX imara:

MX (s) ⟶ M^{n +} (g) + X^{n -} (g) Δ H_{kiunzi cha fito}

Nishati ya tani kwa kioo cha ionic:

Δ H_{kiunzi cha fito} = \frac{C (Z^{+}) (Z^{-})}{R_{o}}