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8.1: Utangulizi wa Muundo wa Atomiki

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    175680

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    Katika sura hii, tunatumia mechanics quantum kujifunza muundo na mali ya atomi. Utafiti huu utangulizi mawazo na dhana ambazo ni muhimu kuelewa mifumo ngumu zaidi, kama vile molekuli, fuwele, na metali. Tunapoimarisha uelewa wetu wa atomi, tunajenga juu ya mambo tunayoyajua tayari, kama mfano wa nyuklia wa Rutherford wa atomi, mfano wa Bohr wa atomi ya hidrojeni, na nadharia tete ya wimbi la de Broglie.

    Picha ya nebula (N G C 1 7 6 3 katika wingu kubwa la magellanic.)
    Kielelezo\(\PageIndex{1}\): NGC1763 ni nebula chafu katika Wingu Kubwa Magellanic, ambayo ni galaxy satellite kwa Milky Way Galaxy yetu. Rangi tunayoona zinaweza kuelezewa kwa kutumia mawazo ya mechanics ya quantum kwa muundo wa atomiki. (mikopo: NASA, ESA, na Josh Ziwa)

    Kielelezo\(\PageIndex{1}\) ni NGC1763, nebula chafu katika galaxy ndogo inayojulikana kama Large Magellanic Cloud, ambayo ni satellite ya Milky Way Galaxy. Nuru ya ultraviolet kutoka nyota moto ionizes atomi hidrojeni katika nebula. Kama protoni na elektroni zinajumuisha tena, mionzi ya masafa tofauti hutolewa. Maelezo ya mchakato huu yanaweza kutabiriwa kwa usahihi na mechanics ya quantum na inachunguzwa katika sura hii.