Skip to main content
Global

3.13: Mtazamo wa Sura hii

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    164697

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    Katika sura hii, sisi kuchunguza ujuzi wa “Clashing” wakati sisi ni wanakabiliwa na hoja kwamba sisi hawakubaliani na. Sura hii ya mwisho iliangalia mchakato huo kwa kuzingatia:

    • Umuhimu wa “Clashing” kama “Kimya maana ridhaa” au angalau unaonyesha ridhaa.
    • Tuna viwango tofauti vya kupigana kutoka “jina wito” hadi “kukataa.”
    • Hatua ya kwanza katika kukataa ufanisi ni kuchunguza hoja inayowasilishwa.
    • Kwa kutumia Toulmin Model tunaweza kupata udhaifu katika hoja zinazotokea katika hoja ikiwa ni pamoja na msaada na/au kuingizwa kwa kutoridhishwa.
    • Uhifadhi zaidi uliopo katika hoja, muhimu zaidi ya kufuzu, ambayo hupunguza uhalali wa hoja juu ya “Kuendelea kwa uhakika.” Hii inaweza kupunguza kiwango cha uhalali chini ya “kizingiti” chako cha kukubalika.
    • Kuna mbinu tatu za jadi zinazotumiwa kukataa hoja; Refutation sawa, Ulinzi wa Hali ya Hali na Matengenezo madogo, na Counterproposal.
    Screen Shot 2020-09-06 saa 2.28.40 PM.png
    3.13.1: “Edmund Burke” (Umma Domain; Joshua Reynolds kupitia Wikimedia Commons)

    “Kitu pekee kinachohitajika kwa ushindi wa uovu ni kwa watu wema wasifanye chochote.”

    - Edmond Burke