Propriedades da água
- Page ID
- 185101
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| Temperatura 1 | Densidade |
|---|---|
| 0 | 99,8395 |
| 4 | 999.9720 (densidade máxima) |
| 10 | 99,7026 |
| 15 | 999.1026 |
| 20 | 998.2071 |
| 22 | 997.735 |
| 25 | 997.0479 |
| 30 | 995.6502 |
| 40 | 992,2 |
| 60 | 983,2 |
| 80 | 971,8 |
| 100 | 958,4 |
| Temperatura | Pressão de vapor (torr) | Pressão de vapor (Pa) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4.6 | 613.2812 |
| 4 | 6.1 | 813.2642 |
| 10 | 9.2 | 1226.562 |
| 15 | 12,8 | 1706.522 |
| 20 | 17,5 | 2333.135 |
| 22 | 19,8 | 2639.776 |
| 25 | 23,8 | 3173.064 |
| 30 | 31,8 | 4239,64 |
| 35 | 42.2 | 5626.188 |
| 40 | 55.3 | 7372.707 |
| 45 | 71,9 | 9585.852 |
| 50 | 92,5 | 12332,29 |
| 55 | 118,0 | 15732 |
| 60 | 149,4 | 19918.31 |
| 65 | 187,5 | 24997.88 |
| 70 | 233,7 | 31157,35 |
| 75 | 289,1 | 38543,39 |
| 80 | 355.1 | 47342,64 |
| 85 | 433,6 | 57808,42 |
| 90 | 525,8 | 70100,71 |
| 95 | 633,9 | 84512,82 |
| 100 | 760,0 | 101324,7 |
| Temperatura | K w 10 —14 | pK w 2 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0,112 | 14,95 |
| 5 | 0.182 | 14,74 |
| 10 | 0,288 | 14,54 |
| 15 | 0,465 | 14,33 |
| 20 | 0,671 | 14,17 |
| 25 | 0,991 | 14,00 |
| 30 | 1.432 | 13,84 |
| 35 | 2.042 | 13,69 |
| 40 | 2.851 | 13,55 |
| 45 | 3.917 | 13,41 |
| 50 | 5.297 | 13,28 |
| 55 | 7.080 | 13,15 |
| 60 | 9.311 | 13,03 |
| 75 | 19,95 | 12,70 |
| 100 | 56,23 | 12,25 |
| Capacidade térmica específica para água |
|---|
| C° (H 2 O (l)) = 4184 J□ K −1 ∙ kg −1 = 4,184 J□ g -1 □ °C -1 |
| C° (H 2 O (s)) = 1864 J□ K −1 ∙ kg −1 |
| C° (H 2 O (g)) = 2093 J□ K −1 ∙ kg −1 |
| Temperaturas padrão de fusão e ebulição da água e entalpias das transições | ||
|---|---|---|
| Temperatura (K) | ΔH (kJ/mol) | |
| fundindo | 273,15 | 6.088 |
| fervente | 373,15 | 40.656 (44.016 a 298 K) |
| Constantes crioscópicas de água (depressão do ponto de congelamento) e ebullioscópicas (elevação do ponto de ebulição) |
|---|
| K f = 1,86°C∙ kg∙ mol −1 (constante crioscópica) |
| K b = 0,51°C∙ kg∙ mol −1 (constante ebullioscópica) |
<figure class="ui-has-child-figcaption" >
Curva de absorção espectral de água em toda a faixa. Essa curva mostra a absorção espectral de toda a faixa da água. O eixo y significa a absorção em 1/cm. Se dividirmos 1 por esse valor, obteremos o comprimento do caminho (em cm) após o qual a intensidade de um feixe de luz passando pela água decai por um fator da base do logaritmo natural e (e = 2,718281828).
Notas de pé
- 1 Os dados para t < 0 °C são para água superresfriada
- 2 pK w = —log 10 (K w)