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14.1: 压力、生活方式和健康的前奏

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    203447
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    学习目标

    • 检查压力,包括其心理和生理本质
    • 其原因和后果
    • 我们可以采取措施控制压力,而不是成为压力的受害者

    很少有人会否认今天的大学生承受着很大的压力。 除了大学经历中附带的许多常见压力和压力(例如考试、学期论文和可怕的新生\(15\))之外,当今的学生还面临着大学学费增加、债务负担沉重以及毕业后难以找到工作的问题。 大量非传统大学生可能会面临额外的压力,例如抚养孩子或在攻读学位的同时担任全职工作。

    从左到右并排的三张照片显示有人在考试时看起来压力很大,一张答卷的特写镜头,以及一个挤满考试者的房间。
    \(\PageIndex{1}\):考试是大学生活中一个压力很大、但不可避免的元素。 (来源 “左”:对 Travis K. Mendoza 作品的修改;来源 “中心”:修改 “albertogp123” /Flickr 的作品;来源 “右”:修改了 SJ Jeffrey Pioquinto 的作品)

    当然,除了在大学或工作场所遇到的挑战之外,生活还充满了许多其他挑战。 我们可能会担心财务安全、与朋友或邻居的困难、家庭责任,而且我们可能没有足够的时间去做自己想做的事情。 即使是小麻烦——丢东西、交通拥堵和互联网服务中断——都涉及压力和要求,这些压力和要求可能使生活看起来像一场挣扎,并可能损害我们的幸福感。 也就是说,所有人都可能在某种程度上承受压力。

    科学界对压力,包括我们如何适应和应对压力,长期以来一直是心理学的兴趣;事实上,在对该主题进行了近一个世纪的研究之后,已经学到了很多东西,也形成了许多见解。 本章探讨压力,重点介绍我们目前对这种现象的理解,包括其心理和生理性质、其原因和后果,以及我们可以采取哪些措施来控制压力而不是成为其受害者。

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