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1.1:实数和数字线的定义

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    171233
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    定义:实数

    实数是现实世界数学问题中通常使用的数字。

    以下是常见的实数组:

    整数: \(0,\; 1,\; 2,\; 3,\; 4,\; 5,\; 6,\; \ldots \) 正数计数数加零
    整数: \(\ldots\; -3,\; -2,\; -1,\; 0,\; 1,\; 2,\; 3,\;\ldots \) 正整数和负整数
    有理数: \(13,\; \dfrac{2}{7} ,\; \dfrac{−1 }{3},\; −2,\; 1.32,\; -12.64\) 可以写成 a b 的数字,其中 a 和 b 是整数。 小数是有理的数字。
    非理性数字: \(e,\; \sqrt{8},\;−\sqrt{11},\; \pi ,\; 0.1234\) 不能用 a b 表示的数字。 非理性数字是具有非重复和永无止境的小数的数字!

    注意:实数可以是正数或负数,包括 0,如上所示。

    定义:数字线

    一条水平延伸的直线,坐标对应于实数。 数字线有助于测量原点 (0) 到实数之间的距离。 以下是数字行的示例:

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    读取数字行:

    原点对应于数字行中的数字 0。

    原点左边是负数。

    原点右边是正数。

    在下面的数字行上绘制以下数字:\(-5,\; e,\; 3.5,\; -2.25,\; 7.01,\; -5.2,\; \sqrt {20},\; \pi \).

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    This page titled 1.1:实数和数字线的定义 is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Victoria Dominguez, Cristian Martinez, & Sanaa Saykali (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .