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10.1: مقدمة للعاطفة والتحفيز

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    أهداف التعلم

    • استكشف القضايا المتعلقة بكل من التحفيز والعاطفة

    ما الذي يجعلنا نتصرف كما نفعل؟ ما الذي يدفعنا لتناول الطعام؟ ما الذي يدفعنا نحو الجنس? هل هناك أساس بيولوجي لشرح المشاعر التي نشعر بها؟ ما مدى عالمية العواطف؟ في هذا الفصل، سوف نستكشف القضايا المتعلقة بكل من التحفيز والعاطفة. سنبدأ بمناقشة العديد من النظريات التي تم اقتراحها لشرح الدافع ولماذا ننخرط في سلوك معين. ستتعرف على الاحتياجات الفسيولوجية التي تدفع بعض السلوكيات البشرية، وكذلك أهمية تجاربنا الاجتماعية في التأثير على أفعالنا.

    تظهر صورة حشدًا في موقع تفجير ماراثون بوسطن فور وقوعه. الحطام مبعثر على الأرض، ويبدو أن العديد من الأشخاص مصابون، والعديد من الأشخاص يساعدون الآخرين.
    الشكل\(\PageIndex{1}\): يمكن أن تتغير العواطف في لحظة، خاصة في الاستجابة لحدث غير متوقع. المفاجأة والخوف والغضب والحزن هي بعض المشاعر المباشرة التي مر بها الناس في أعقاب تفجير ماراثون بوسطن في 15 أبريل 2013. ما هي العواطف؟ ما هي أسبابها؟ ما الذي دفع بعض المارة لمساعدة الآخرين على الفور، بينما ركض الآخرون بحثًا عن الأمان؟ (مصدر: تعديل عمل آرون «تانجو» تانغ).

    بعد ذلك، سننظر في كل من الأكل وممارسة الجنس كأمثلة على السلوكيات المحفزة. ما هي الآليات الفسيولوجية للجوع والشبع؟ ما هو فهم العلماء لسبب حدوث السمنة، وما هي العلاجات الموجودة للسمنة واضطرابات الأكل؟ كيف تطورت الأبحاث في الجنس البشري والحياة الجنسية على مدى القرن الماضي؟ كيف يفهم علماء النفس ويدرسون التجربة الإنسانية للتوجه الجنسي والهوية الجنسية؟ سيتم استكشاف هذه الأسئلة - والمزيد -.

    سيختتم هذا الفصل بمناقشة العاطفة. سوف تتعلم عن العديد من النظريات التي تم اقتراحها لشرح كيفية حدوث العاطفة، والأسس البيولوجية للعاطفة، وعالمية العواطف.

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