7.1: مقدمة للتفكير والذكاء
- Page ID
- 197939
أهداف التعلم
- ما هو الذكاء وكيف يختلف من شخص لآخر
- ما هي العمليات المعرفية عالية المستوى
لماذا يصعب التخلص من العادات - مثل الوصول إلى هاتفك الذي يرن حتى عندما لا يجب عليك ذلك، مثل أثناء القيادة؟ كيف يمكن لشخص لم يسبق له رؤية الثلج أو لمسه في الحياة الواقعية أن يطور فهمًا لمفهوم الثلج؟ كيف يكتسب الأطفال الصغار القدرة على تعلم اللغة بدون تعليم رسمي؟ علماء النفس الذين يدرسون التفكير يستكشفون أسئلة مثل هذه.
يدرس علماء النفس الإدراكيون أيضًا الذكاء. ما هو الذكاء، وكيف يختلف من شخص لآخر؟ هل «ذكاء الشارع» نوع من الذكاء، وإذا كان الأمر كذلك، فكيف يرتبطون بأنواع الذكاء الأخرى؟ ما الذي يقيسه اختبار الذكاء حقًا؟ سيتم استكشاف هذه الأسئلة والمزيد في هذا الفصل أثناء دراسة التفكير والذكاء.
في فصول أخرى، ناقشنا العمليات المعرفية للإدراك والتعلم والذاكرة. في هذا الفصل، سنركز على العمليات المعرفية عالية المستوى. كجزء من هذه المناقشة، سننظر في التفكير ونستكشف بإيجاز تطوير اللغة واستخدامها. سنناقش أيضًا حل المشكلات والإبداع قبل أن ننتهي بمناقشة كيفية قياس الذكاء وكيفية تفاعل البيولوجيا والبيئات للتأثير على الذكاء. بعد الانتهاء من هذا الفصل، سيكون لديك تقدير أكبر للعمليات المعرفية عالية المستوى التي تساهم في تميزنا كنوع.
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