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6.9: Sura ya Mapitio

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    6.1 Usambazaji wa kawaida wa kawaida

    Alama ya z-ni thamani sanifu. Usambazaji wake ni kawaida ya kawaida,\(Z \sim N(0, 1)\). Maana ya alama za z ni sifuri na kupotoka kwa kawaida ni moja. Kama\(z\) ni z-alama kwa thamani\(x\) kutoka usambazaji wa kawaida\(N(\mu, \sigma)\) kisha\(z\) atakwambia jinsi wengi kupotoka kiwango\(x\) ni juu (zaidi ya) au chini (chini ya)\(\mu\).

    6.3 Kukadiria Binomial na Usambazaji wa kawaida

    Usambazaji wa kawaida, unaoendelea, ni muhimu zaidi ya mgawanyo wote wa uwezekano. Grafu yake ni umbo la kengele. Curve hii ya umbo la kengele hutumiwa karibu na taaluma zote. Kwa kuwa ni usambazaji unaoendelea, eneo la jumla chini ya pembe ni moja. Vigezo vya kawaida ni maana\(\mu\) na kupotoka kwa kawaida\(\sigma\). Usambazaji maalum wa kawaida, unaoitwa usambazaji wa kawaida wa kawaida ni usambazaji wa alama za z. Maana yake ni sifuri, na kupotoka kwake kwa kawaida ni moja.