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22.7: Mali ya Standard Thermodynamic kwa vitu vilivyochaguliwa

  • Page ID
    188247
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    Mali ya kawaida ya Thermodynamic kwa Vitu
    Dutu ΔHf°ΔHf°(KJ mol —1) ΔGf°ΔGf°(KJ mol —1) S°S°(J K —1 mol —1)
    alumini
    Yote 0 0 28.3
    All (g) 324.4 285.7 164.54
    Al 3+ (aq) —531 —485 —321.7
    All 2 O 3 —1676 —1582 50.92
    Nusu (3) —1510.4 —1425 66.5
    Alcl (3 s) —704.2 —628.8 110.67
    ALCl 3 · 6H 2 O (s) —2691.57 — 2269.40 376.56
    All 2 S (3 s) —724.0 —492.4 116.9
    Al 2 (SO 4) 3 (s) —3445.06 —3506.61 239.32
    antimoni
    Sb (s) 0 0 45.69
    Sb (g) 262.34 222.17 180.16
    Sb 4 O 6 —1440.55 — 1268.17 220.92
    SBcl (3 g) —313.8 —301.2 337.80
    SBcl (5 g) —394.34 —334.29 401.94
    Sb 2 S 3 —174.89 —173.64 182.00
    SBcl (3) —382.17 —323.72 184.10
    SboCl (s) —374.0
    aseniki
    Kama (s) 0 0 35.1
    Kama (g) 302.5 261.0 174.21
    Kama 4 (g) 143.9 92.4 314
    kama 4 the 6 (s) —1313.94 —1152.52 214.22
    kama 2 the 5 (s) —924.87 —782.41 105.44
    Kifungu (3 g) —261.50 —248.95 327.06
    kama 2 S 3 (s) —169.03 —168.62 163.59
    Sash (3 g) 66.44 68.93 222.78
    H 3 ASO (4 s) —906.3
    bariamu
    Baa 0 0 62.5
    Ba (g) 180 146 170.24
    Bar 2+ (aq) —537.6 —560.8 9.6
    Bao (s) —548.0 —520.3 72.1
    BaCL (2 s) —855.0 —806.7 123.7
    BasO (4) — 1473.2 —1362.3 132.2
    berili
    Kuwa (s) 0 0 9.50
    Kuwa (g) 324.3 286.6 136.27
    BeO (s) —609.4 —580.1 13.8
    bismuth
    Kidogo (s) 0 0 56.74
    Bi (g) 207.1 168.2 187.00
    Kubwa 2 ya 3 —573.88 —493.7 151.5
    BiCl (3) —379.07 —315.06 176.98
    Bi 2 S (3 s) —143.1 —140.6 200.4
    boroni
    B (s) 0 0 5.86
    B (g) 565.0 521.0 153.4
    B 2 O 3 — 1273.5 — 1194.3 53.97
    B 2 H 6 (g) 36.4 87.6 232.1
    H 3 BO (s) —1094.33 —968.92 88.83
    BF (3 g) — 1136.0 —1119.4 254.4
    BCl (3 g) —403.8 —388.7 290.1
    B 3 N 3 H 6 (l) —540.99 —392.79 199.58
    HBO (2) —794.25 —723.41 37.66
    bromini
    Br 2 (l) 0 0 152.23
    Br 2 (g) 30.91 3.142 245.5
    Br (g) 111.88 82.429 175.0
    Br - (aq) —120.9 —102.82 80.71
    BrF (3 g) —255.60 —229.45 292.42
    HbR (g) —36.3 —53.43 198.7
    kadimiamu
    Cd (s) 0 0 51.76
    Cd (g) 112.01 77.41 167.75
    Cd 2+ (aq) —75.90 —77.61 —73.2
    do (s) —258.2 —228.4 54.8
    CDCl (2) —391.5 —343.9 115.3
    CDSO (4 s) —933.3 —822.7 123.0
    CD (s) —161.9 —156.5 64.9
    kalsiamu
    Car (s) 0 0 41.6
    Ca (g) 178.2 144.3 154.88
    Car 2+ (aq) —542.96 —553.04 —55.2
    CaO (s) —634.9 —603.3 38.1
    Car (OH) —985.2 —897.5 83.4
    Caso (4) —1434.5 —1322.0 106.5
    CasO 4 · 2H 2 O (s) —2022.63 — 1797.45 194.14
    CaCO (3 s) (calcite) —1220.0 — 1081.4 110.0
    CaSO 3 · H 2 O (s) — 1752.68 —1555.19 184.10
    kaboni
    C (s) (grafiti) 0 0 5.740
    C (s) (almasi) 1.89 2.90 2.38
    C (g) 716.681 671.2 158.1
    CO (g) — 110.52 —137.15 197.7
    CO 2 (g) —393.51 —394.36 213.8
    CO 3 - (aq) —677.1 —527.8 —56.9
    CH 4 (g) —74.6 —50.5 186.3
    CH 3 OH (l) —239.2 —166.6 126.8
    CH 3 OH (g) —2010. —162.3 239.9
    cCl (4 l) —128.2 —62.5 214.4
    cCl (4 g) —95.7 —58.2 309.7
    ChCl (3 l) —134.1 —73.7 2017.
    ChCl (3 g) —103.14 —70.34 295.71
    CS (2 l) 89.70 65.27 151.34
    CS (2 g) 116.9 66.8 238.0
    C 2 H 2 (g) 227.4 209.2 200.9
    C 2 H 4 (g) 52.4 68.4 219.3
    C 2 H 6 (g) —84.0 —32.0 229.2
    CH 3 CO 2 H (l) —484.3 —389.9 159.8
    CH 3 CO 2 H (g) —434.84 —376.69 282.50
    C 2 H 5 OH (L) —277.6 —174.8 160.7
    C 2 H 5 OH (g) —234.8 —167.9 281.6
    HCO 3 - (aq) —691.11 —587.06 95
    C 3 H 8 (g) —103.8 —23.4 270.3
    C 6 H 6 (g) 82.927 129.66 269.2
    C 6 H 6 (l) 49.1 124.50 173.4
    CH 2 Cl 2 (l) —124.2 —63.2 177.8
    CH 2 Cl 2 (g) —95.4 —65.90 270.2
    CH 3 Cl (g) —81.9 —60.2 234.6
    C 2 H 5 Cl (l) —136.52 —59.31 190.79
    C 2 H 5 Cl (g) — 112.17 —60.39 276.00
    C 2 N 2 (g) 308.98 297.36 241.90
    HCN (l) 108.9 125.0 112.8
    HCN (g) 135.5 124.7 201.8
    cesiamu
    Cs + (aq) —248 —282.0 133
    klorini
    Cl 2 (g) 0 0 223.1
    Cl (g) 121.3 105.70 165.2
    Cl - (aq) —167.2 —131.2 56.5
    ClF (g) —54.48 —55.94 217.78
    ClF (3 g) —158.99 —118.83 281.50
    Cl 2 O (g) 80.3 97.9 266.2
    Cl 2 O 7 (l) 238.1
    Cl 2 O 7 (g) 272.0
    HCl (g) —92.307 —95.299 186.9
    Chlo (4l) —40.58
    chromium
    gari (s) 0 0 23.77
    Cr (g) 396.6 351.8 174.50
    CRO 4 (qq) —881.2 —727.8 50.21
    Cr 2 O 7 2— (aq) —1490.3 —1301.1 261.9
    Gari 2 O 3 — 1139.7 — 1058.1 81.2
    Cro (3) —589.5
    (NH 4) 2 Cr 2 O 7 (s) —1806.7
    kobalti
    Co (s) 0 0 30.0
    Co 2+ (aq) —67.4 —51.5 —155
    Co 3+ (aq) 92 134 —305.0
    CoO (s) —237.9 —214.2 52.97
    Co 3 O 4 —910.02 —794.98 114.22
    Co (NO 3) 2 (s) —420.5
    shaba
    Cu (s) 0 0 33.15
    Cu (g) 338.32 298.58 166.38
    Cu + (aq) 51.9 50.2 —26
    Cu 2+ (aq) 64.77 65.49 —99.6
    CuO (s) —157.3 —129.7 42.63
    Cu 2 O —168.6 —146.0 93.14
    cU (s) —53.1 —53.6 66.5
    Cu 2 S (s) —79.5 —86.2 120.9
    CuSO (4) —771.36 —662.2 109.2
    Cu (NO 3) 2 (s) —302.9
    florini
    F 2 (g) 0 0 202.8
    F (g) 79.4 62.3 158.8
    F - (aq) —332.6 —278.8 —13.8
    F 2 O (g) 24.7 41.9 247.43
    HF (g) —273.3 —275.4 173.8
    haidrojeni
    H 2 (g) 0 0 130.7
    H (g) 217.97 203.26 114.7
    H + (aq) 0 0 0
    OH (aq) —230.0 —157.2 —10.75
    H 3 O + (aq) —285.8 69.91
    H 2 O (l) —285.83 —237.1 70.0
    H 2 O (g) —241.82 —228.59 188.8
    H 2 O 2 (l) —187.78 —120.35 109.6
    H 2 O 2 (g) —136.3 —105.6 232.7
    HF (g) —273.3 —275.4 173.8
    HCl (g) —92.307 —95.299 186.9
    HbR (g) —36.3 —53.43 198.7
    HI (g) 26.48 1.70 206.59
    H 2 S (g) —20.6 —33.4 205.8
    H 2 Se (g) 29.7 15.9 219.0
    NO 3 —206.64
    iodini
    I 2 (s) 0 0 116.14
    I 2 (g) 62.438 19.3 260.7
    Mimi (g) 106.84 70.2 180.8
    Mimi - (aq) —55.19 —51.57 11.13
    IF (g) 95.65 —118.49 236.06
    Cil (g) 17.78 —5.44 247.44
    Bir (g) 40.84 3.72 258.66
    IF 7 (g) —943.91 —818.39 346.44
    HI (g) 26.48 1.70 206.59
    chuma
    Fe (s) 0 0 27.3
    Fe (g) 416.3 370.7 180.5
    Fe 2+ (aq) —89.1 —78.90 —137.7
    Fe 3+ (aq) —48.5 —4.7 —315.9
    Fe 2 O 3 —824.2 —742.2 87.40
    Fe 3 O 4 —1118.4 —1015.4 146.4
    Fe (CO) 5 (l) —774.04 —705.42 338.07
    Fe (CO) 5 (g) —733.87 —697.26 445.18
    FeCl (2) —341.79 —302.30 117.95
    FeCl (3) —399.49 —334.00 142.3
    FeO (s) —272.0 —255.2 60.75
    Fe (OH) 2 (s) —569.0 —486.5 88.
    Fe (OH) 3 (s) —823.0 —696.5 106.7
    FeS (s) —100.0 —100.4 60.29
    Fe 3 C 25.10 20.08 104.60
    risasi
    Pb (s) 0 0 64.81
    Pb (g) 195.2 162. 175.4
    Pb 2+ (aq) —1.7 —24.43 10.5
    PBo (s) (njano) —217.32 —187.89 68.70
    PBo (s) (nyekundu) —218.99 —188.93 66.5
    Pb (OH) 2 (s) —515.9
    PB (s) —100.4 —98.7 91.2
    Pb (NO 3) 2 (s) —451.9
    PBo (2) —277.4 —217.3 68.6
    PbCl (2) —359.4 —314.1 136.0
    lithiamu
    Li (s) 0 0 29.1
    Li (g) 159.3 126.6 138.8
    Li + (aq) —278.5 —293.3 13.4
    LiH (s) —90.5 —68.3 20.0
    Li (OH) (s) —487.5 —441.5 42.8
    LiF (s) —616.0 —587.5 35.7
    Li 2 CO (3 s) —1216.04 — 1132.19 90.17
    magnesiamu
    Mg 2+ (aq) —466.9 —454.8 —138.1
    manganisi
    Wanaume (s) 0 0 32.0
    Wanaume (g) 280.7 238.5 173.7
    Mn 2+ (aq) —220.8 —228.1 —73.6
    Hapana (s) —385.2 —362.9 59.71
    Hapana (2 s) —520.03 —465.1 53.05
    Man - 2 O 3 (s) —958.97 —881.15 110.46
    Mtu - 3 ya 40 (s) —1378.83 — 1283.23 155.64
    No 4 - (q) —541.4 —447.2 191.2
    No 4 - 2 (q) —653.0 —500.7 59
    zebaki
    Hg (l) 0 0 75.9
    Hg (g) 61.4 31.8 175.0
    Hg 2+ (aq) 164.8
    Hg 2+ (aq) 172.4 153.9 84.5
    Ng'ombe (nyekundu) —90.83 —58.5 70.29
    Gho (s) (njano) —90.46 —58.43 71.13
    HgCl (2 s) —224.3 —178.6 146.0
    Hg 2 Cl 2 —265.4 —210.7 191.6
    HGs (s) (nyekundu) —58.16 —50.6 82.4
    HGs (s) (nyeusi) —53.56 —47.70 88.28
    GSO (4) —707.51 —594.13 0.00
    nikeli
    Ni 2+ (aq) —64.0 —46.4 —159
    naitrojeni
    N 2 (g) 0 0 191.6
    N (g) 472.704 455.5 153.3
    HAPANA (g) 90.25 87.6 210.8
    NO 2 (g) 33.2 51.30 240.1
    N 2 O (g) 81.6 103.7 220.0
    N 2 O 3 (g) 83.72 139.41 312.17
    HAKUNA 3 - (aq) —205.0 —108.7 146.4
    N 2 O 4 (g) 11.1 99.8 304.4
    N 2 O 5 (g) 11.3 115.1 355.7
    NH (3 g) —45.9 —16.5 192.8
    NH 4 (aq) —132.5 —79.31 113.4
    N 2 H 4 (l) 50.63 149.43 121.21
    N 2 H 4 (g) 95.4 159.4 238.5
    NH 4 NO 3 (s) —365.56 —183.87 151.08
    NH 4 Cl —314.43 —202.87 94.6
    NH 4 Br —270.8 —175.2 113.0
    NH 4 I —201.4 —112.5 117.0
    NH 4 NO 2 (s) —256.5
    HNO (3 l) —174.1 —80.7 155.6
    HNO (3 g) —133.9 —73.5 266.9
    HNO 3 (aq) —207.4 — 110.5 146
    oksijeni
    O 2 (g) 0 0 205.2
    O (g) 249.17 231.7 161.1
    O 3 (g) 142.7 163.2 238.9
    fosforasi
    P 4 0 0 164.4
    P 4 (g) 58.91 24.4 280.0
    P (g) 314.64 278.25 163.19
    PH 3 (g) 5.4 13.5 210.2
    PCL (3 g) —287.0 —267.8 311.78
    PCL (5 g) —374.9 —305.0 364.4
    P 4 O 6 —1640.1
    P 4 O 10 — 2984.0 —2697.0 228.86
    PO 4 3— (aq) —1277 —1019 —222
    HPO (3) —948.5
    HPO 4 2— (aq) —1292.1 — 1089.3 —33
    H 2 PO 4 2— (aq) — 1296.3 —1130.4 90.4
    H 3 PO 2 —604.6
    H 3 PO 3 —964.4
    H 3 PO (4 s) — 1279.0 —1119.1 110.50
    H 3 PO 4 (l) — 1266.9 — 1124.3 110.5
    H 4 P 2 O 7 (s) — 2241.0
    PoCl (3 l) —597.1 —520.8 222.5
    PoCl (3 g) —558.5 —512.9 325.5
    potasiamu
    K (s) 0 0 64.7
    K (g) 89.0 60.5 160.3
    K + (aq) —252.4 —283.3 102.5
    KF (s) —576.27 —537.75 66.57
    kCl (s) —436.5 —408.5 82.6
    rubidium
    Rb + (aq) —246 —282.2 124
    silikoni
    Sita (s) 0 0 18.8
    Si (g) 450.0 405.5 168.0
    hivyo (2) —910.7 —856.3 41.5
    Hish (4 g) 34.3 56.9 204.6
    H 2 ISO (3 s) —1188.67 — 1092.44 133.89
    H 4 ISO (4 s) — 1481.14 —1333.02 192.46
    Kama (4 g) —1615.0 — 1572.8 282.8
    SiCl (4l) —687.0 —619.8 239.7
    Sicl (4 g) —662.75 —622.58 330.62
    SiC (s, beta ujazo) —73.22 —70.71 16.61
    SiC (s, alpha hexagonal) —71.55 —69.04 16.48
    fedha
    umri (s) 0 0 42.55
    Umri (g) 284.9 246.0 172.89
    Umri (+ aq) 105.6 77.11 72.68
    Umri 25 O —31.05 —11.20 121.3
    GCl (s) —127.0 —109.8 96.3
    Umri wa miaka 20 —32.6 —40.7 144.0
    sodiamu
    Na (s) 0 0 51.3
    Na (g) 107.5 77.0 153.7
    Na + (aq) —240.1 —261.9 59
    Na 2 O —414.2 —375.5 75.1
    NaCl (s) —411.2 —384.1 72.1
    stronti
    Sr 2+ (aq) —545.8 —557.3 —32.6
    salfa
    S 8 (s) (rhombic) 0 0 256.8
    S (g) 278.81 238.25 167.82
    S 2— (aq) 41.8 83.7 22
    SO 2 (g) —296.83 —300.1 248.2
    SO 3 (g) —395.72 —371.06 256.76
    SO 4 2— (aq) —909.3 —744.5 20.1
    S 2 O 3 2— (aq) —648.5 —522.5 67
    H 2 S (g) —20.6 —33.4 205.8
    HS - (aq) —17.7 12.6 61.1
    H 2 SO 4 (l) — 813.989 —690.00 156.90
    HSO 4 (aq) —885.75 —752.87 126.9
    H 2 S 2 O 7 (s) — 1273.6
    SF 4 (g) —728.43 —684.84 291.12
    SF 6 (g) —1220.5 —1116.5 291.5
    ScL (2 l) —50
    ScL (2 g) —19.7
    S 2 Cl (2 l) —59.4
    S 2 Cl (2 g) —19.50 —29.25 319.45
    SoCl (2 g) — 212.55 —198.32 309.66
    Socl (2 l) —245.6
    SO 2 Cl 2 (l) —394.1
    SO 2 Cl 2 (g) —354.80 —310.45 311.83
    mkebe
    Sun (s) 0 0 51.2
    Sn (g) 301.2 266.2 168.5
    SNO (s) —285.8 —256.9 56.5
    SNo (2) —577.6 —515.8 49.0
    SnCl (4 l) —511.3 —440.1 258.6
    SnCl (4 g) —471.5 —432.2 365.8
    titani
    Ti (s) 0 0 30.7
    Ti (g) 473.0 428.4 180.3
    kwa 2 s —944.0 —888.8 50.6
    Ticl (4l) —804.2 —737.2 252.4
    Ticl (4 g) —763.2 —726.3 353.2
    filamenti za madini
    W (s) 0 0 32.6
    W (g) 849.4 807.1 174.0
    WO - 3 —842.9 —764.0 75.9
    zinki
    Zn (s) 0 0 41.6
    Zn (g) 130.73 95.14 160.98
    Zn 2+ (aq) —153.9 —147.1 —112.1
    Hapana (s) —350.5 —320.5 43.7
    ZnCl (2) —415.1 —369.43 111.5
    ZN (s) —206.0 —201.3 57.7
    ZnSO (4) —982.8 —871.5 110.5
    ZnCo (3) — 812.78 —731.57 82.42
    tata
    [Co (NH 3) 4 (NO 2) 2] NO 3, cis —898.7
    [Co (NH 3) 4 (NO 2) 2] NO 3, trans —896.2
    NH 4 [Co (NH 3) 2 (NO 2) 4] —837.6
    [Co (NH 3) 6] [Co (NH 3) 2 (NO 2) 4] 3 —2733.0
    [Co (NH 3) 4 Cl 2] Cl, cis —874.9
    [Co (NH 3) 4 Cl 2] Cl, trans —877.4
    [Co (en) 2 (NO 2) 2] NO 3, cis —689.5
    [Co (en) 2 Cl 2] Cl, cis —681.2
    [Co (en) 2 Cl 2] Cl, trans —677.4
    [Co (sw) 3] (ClO 43) —762.7
    [Co (sw) 3] Br 2 —595.8
    [Co (sw) 3] Mimi 2 —475.3
    [Co (sw) 3] Mimi 3 —519.2
    [Co (NH 36)] (ClO 43) —1034.7 —221.1 615
    [Co (NH 3) 5 NO 2] (NO 3) 2 — 1088.7 —412.9 331
    [Co (NH 3) 6] (NO 3) 3 —1282.0 —524.5 448
    [Co (NH 3) 5 Cl] Cl 2 —1017.1 —582.5 366.1
    [Pt (NH 3) 4] Cl 2 —725.5
    [NH (NH 36) Cl 2 —994.1
    [NH (NH 36) Br 2 —923.8
    [NH (NH 36) I 2 —808.3
    Jedwali G1