31.7: Luas selecionadas dos planetas (Apêndice G)
- Page ID
- 183704
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Nota: À medida que este livro vai sendo impresso, quase duzentas luas são conhecidas no sistema solar e mais estão sendo descobertas regularmente. Dos planetas principais, apenas Mercúrio e Vênus não têm luas. Além das luas dos planetas, existem muitas luas de asteróides. Neste apêndice, listamos apenas os maiores e mais interessantes objetos que orbitam cada planeta (incluindo planetas anões). O número dado para cada planeta são as descobertas até 2015. Para obter mais informações, consulte https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/solarsystem/moons e https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites.
| Planeta (luas) | Nome do satélite | Descoberta | Eixo Semimaior (km × 1000) | Período (d) | Diâmetro (km) | Massa (10 - 20 kg) | Densidade (g/cm 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terra (1) | Lua | — | 384 | 27.32 | 3476 | 735 | 3.3 |
| Marte (2) | Fobos | Salão (1877) | 9.4 | 0,32 | 23 | 1 × 10 −4 | 2.0 |
| Deimos | Salão (1877) | 23,5 | 1,26 | 13 | 2 × 10 −5 | 1.7 | |
| Júpiter (79) | Amalteia | Barnard (1892) | 181 | 0,50 | 200 | — | — |
| Teba | Voyager (1979) | 222 | 0,67 | 90 | — | — | |
| Io | Galileu (1610) | 422 | 1,77 | 3630 | 894 | 3.6 | |
| Europa | Galileu (1610) | 671 | 3,55 | 3138 | 480 | 3,0 | |
| Ganimedes | Galileu (1610) | 1070 | 7.16 | 5262 | 1482 | 1.9 | |
| Calisto | Galileu (1610) | 1883 | 16,69 | 4800 | 1077 | 1.9 | |
| Himalia | Perrine (1904) | 11.460 | 251 | 170 | — | — | |
| Saturno (82) | Pan | Voyager (1985) | 13,6 | 0,58 | 20 | 3 × 10 −5 | — |
| Atlas | Voyager (1980) | 137,7 | 0,60 | 40 | — | — | |
| Prometeu | Voyager (1980) | 139,4 | 0,61 | 80 | — | — | |
| Pandora | Voyager (1980) | 141,7 | 0,63 | 100 | — | — | |
| Janus | Dollfus (1966) | 151,4 | 0,69 | 190 | — | — | |
| Epimeteu | Fonte, Larson (1980) | 151,4 | 0,69 | 120 | — | — | |
| Mimas | Herschel (1789) | 186 | 0,94 | 394 | 0,4 | 1.2 | |
| Enceladus | Herschel (1789) | 238 | 1,37 | 502 | 0,8 | 1.2 | |
| Tétis | Cassini (1684) | 295 | 1,89 | 1048 | 7.5 | 1.3 | |
| Dione | Cassini (1684) | 377 | 2,74 | 1120 | 11 | 1.3 | |
| Rhea | Cassini (1672) | 527 | 4,52 | 1530 | 25 | 1.3 | |
| Titã | Huygens (165) | 122 | 15,95 | 5150 | 1346 | 1.9 | |
| Hyperion | Bond, Lassell (1848) | 1481 | 21.3 | 270 | — | — | |
| Jápeto | Cassini (1671) | 3561 | 79,3 | 1435 | 19 | 1.2 | |
| Febe | Pickering (1898) | 12.950 | 550 (R1) | 220 | — | — | |
| Urano (27) | Puck | Voyager (1985) | 86,0 | 0,76 | 170 | — | — |
| Miranda | Kuiper (1948) | 130 | 1,41 | 485 | 0,8 | 1.3 | |
| Ariel | Lassell (1851) | 191 | 2,52 | 1160 | 13 | 1.6 | |
| Guarda-chuva | Lassell (1851) | 266 | 4.14 | 1190 | 13 | 1.4 | |
| Titânia | Herschel (1787) | 436 | 8.71 | 1610 | 35 | 1.6 | |
| Oberon | Herschel (1787) | 583 | 13,5 | 1550 | 29 | 1,5 | |
| Netuno (14) | Despina | Voyager (1989) | 53 | 0,33 | 150 | — | — |
| Galateia | Voyager (1989) | 62 | 0,40 | 150 | — | — | |
| Larissa | Voyager (1989) | 118 | 1,12 | 400 | — | — | |
| Tritão | Lassell (1846) | 355 | 5.88 (R2) | 2720 | 220 | 2.1 | |
| Nereida | Kuiper (1949) | 5511 | 360 | 340 | — | — | |
| Plutão (5) | Charon | Christy (1978) | 19,7 | 6.39 | 1200 | — | 1.7 |
| Styx | Showalter e cols. (2012) | 42 | 20 | 20 | — | — | |
| Nix | Weaver e cols. (2005) | 48 | 24 | 46 | — | 2.1 | |
| Kerberos | Showalter e cols. (2011) | 58 | 24 | 28 | — | 1.4 | |
| Hidra | Weaver e cols. (2005) | 65 | 38 | 61 | — | 0,8 | |
| Éris (1) | Disnomeia | Brown e cols. (2005) | 38 | 16 | 684 | — | — |
| Makemake (1) | (MK2) | Parker e cols. (2016) | — | — | 160 | — | — |
| Haumea (2) | Oi Iaka | Brown e cols. (2005) | 50 | 49 | 400 | — | — |
| Namaka | Brown e cols. (2005) | 39 | 35 | 200 | — | — |
Notas de pé
1 R significa rotação retrógrada (para trás a partir da direção em que a maioria dos objetos no sistema solar giram e giram).
2 R significa rotação retrógrada (para trás a partir da direção em que a maioria dos objetos no sistema solar giram e giram).